Mira Pellet Mowhiti Whāngai Koi Hapani: Te Kounga Pellet Tika mō ngā Pāmu Nishikigoi | Hongyang

Ko te umanga ika whakapaipai o Hapani, e tautokona ana e te Nishikigoi (koi carp) e mōhiotia whānuitia ana i te ao, he wāhi nui i roto i te rāngai ahumoana whānui. I kaweake a Hapani i te 560 tāne o ngā ika whakapaipai ora i te tau 2024, ā, neke atu i te 80% o te uara kaweake o te koi e ai ki ngā raraunga hokohoko a te Manatū Ahuwhenua, Ngāherehere me te Hī ika o Hapani. Ko te mākete whāngai koi ā-rohe—e kiia ana he 12,000 ki te 15,000 tāne ia tau—e hiahia ana ki ngā mira pereti e taea ai te whakaputa pereti mānu me ngā ātete diameter tika, te pumau wai teitei, me te ōritetanga matūkai rite tonu puta noa i ngā rahi pereti maha mai i te 2 mm ki te 8 mm.

E arotake ana tēnei rangahau take i te āhua o te whakatutukitanga a te kaihanga whāngai koi i te rohe o Niigata, te wāhi i whānau ai a Nishikigoi, i ngā whakapainga ine i roto i te kounga o ngā pirepire me te whai huatanga o te whakaputa i muri i te whakatūnga o ngā mira pirepire mowhiti mate a Hongyang HYPM mō tā rātou raina whāngai ika whakapaipai. I roto i te wā mahi 14-marama, i tuhia e te mira he 98.3% te wā mahi, he rerekētanga rahi pirepire i raro i te 0.15 mm, ā, he neke atu i te 4 hāora te pumau o te wai—he inenga e tautoko tika ana i ngā paerewa tika o ngā kaiwhakatupu koi ngaio me ngā kaiwhaiwhai o Hapani.

Papamuri: Te Ahumahi Whāngai Koi o Hapani

Ko te pūtake o te umanga Nishikigoi o Hapani kei te rohe o Niigata, te wāhi i tīmata ai te whakatipu kāpa tae i te tīmatanga o te rautau 19 i te rohe o Yamakoshi. I tēnei rā, neke atu i te 1,500 ngā kaiwhakatupu koi kua rēhitatia e Hapani, ko te nuinga kei ngā rohe o Niigata, Hiroshima, me Fukuoka. Ko te uara o te mākete koi ā-rohe he tata ki te 30 piriona yen ia tau, me ngā tauira kounga whakaaturanga takitahi e rere ana mai i te 500,000 yen ki te neke atu i te 100 miriona yen i te hokohoko.

He nui ngā tono mō te kounga o te whāngai i tēnei mākete utu nui. E whakanuia ana ngā koi mō te kaha o te tae, te mārama o te tauira, te kanapa o te kiri, me te āhua o te tinana—he āhuatanga katoa e pāngia tika ana e te kai totika. Ko te hanganga whāngai koi kounga teitei kei roto ko te paraoa ika i te 35-40% o te kai, te paraoa witi i te 15-20% hei pūtake warowaihā me te here taiao, te paraoa pīni soya i te 10-15%, te parai raihi i te 5-10%, te spirulina i te 3-5% hei whakarei ake i te tae i runga i te carotenoid, te paraoa krill i te 3-5% hei pūtake astaxanthin taiao, me te ranunga huaora-kohuke kei roto ko te huaora C kua whakapumautia mō te mahi ārai mate.

He rite tonu te uaua o ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o ngā pire whāngai koi. Me pupuri tonu ngā pire e rere ana i te wai mō te iti rawa o te 30 meneti kia taea ai te tirotiro i te whāngai - he mahi nui tēnei i roto i te mahi ahuwhenua koi, e arotakehia ana e ngā kaiwhakatupu te whanonga whāngai hei tohu matua mō te hauora o ngā ika. Ko te diameter o ngā pire mai i te 2 mm mō ngā tosai taitamariki (ika kotahi tau te pakeke) ki te 8 mm mō ngā koi nunui kua pakeke neke atu i te 80 cm te roa. I roto i ia kāwai rahi, kaua e neke atu i te ±0.2 mm te manawanui diameter kia rite ai te whāngai me te ārai i te whakataetae i runga i te rahi i roto i ngā roto. Ko te pumau o te wai - e inehia ana i te roa o te noho o ngā pire me te kore e memeha - me neke atu i te 2 hāora kia kore ai e poke te wai o roto, ka taea e ngā pūnaha ahuwhenua ika e huri haere ana te whakanui tere i ngā taumata haukini me te whakararu i ngā kararehe utu nui.

Te Kiritaki: He Tohunga Whāngai Koi nō Niigata

Ko tā mātou kiritaki, he kaihanga whāngai o te reanga tuarua e mahi ana i Nagaoka City, Niigata Prefecture, e whakaputa ana i te 3,500 tāne o te whāngai koi ia tau. E ono ngā rahi o ā rātou hua puta noa i ngā taumata hua e toru—paerewa, kounga teitei, me te taumata whakataetae—e mahi ana ki te 180 ngā kaiwhakatupu koi puta noa i Hapani, me te piki haere o ngā rahinga kaweake ki ngā mākete o Āhia ki te Tonga-Rawhiti tae atu ki a Thailand, Indonesia, me Malaysia.

I te mutunga o te tau 2024, i kitea e te kiritaki ētahi arai mahi e toru i roto i tā rātou raina pelleting o nāianei:

Te Mau o ngā Mate me te Rerenga o te Rahi o ngā Pēreti: I whakaatuhia e ā rātou pēreti mowhiti tuku iho te whakanui i te kōhao mate ine i muri i te 800 hāora mahi. I te whānui haere o ngā kōhao mate, ka neke te diameter o te pēreti ki tua atu i te ātete ±0.2 mm, ka puta he pēreti nui rawa atu i whakararuraru i te ōritetanga o te whāngai. Kua tīmata ngā kaiwhakatupu kounga teitei ki te whakahoki mai i ngā puranga me ngā rerekētanga diameter e nui ake ana i ngā whakaritenga—he whanaketanga kino arumoni i roto i te mākete e arohia ana e te ingoa pai.

Te Pūmautanga o te Wai: I rerekē te pumautanga o te wai i tutukihia i waenga i te 1.5 me te 3.5 hāora i runga i te pāmahana o te mate me ngā āhuatanga whakatikatika. Ko ngā pirepire i hangaia i te wā roa o te whakaputanga - i te pikinga o te pāmahana o te mate ki runga ake i te 85°C - i whakaatu i te pai o te whakakorikori māngaro me te pumautanga o te wai, i te mea ko ngā puranga tīmatanga-o-te-huringa he maha ngā wā i heke iho i raro i te iti rawa o te 2-hāora. Nā tēnei rerekētanga puranga-ki-te-puranga i whakaiti i te whakapono o ngā kaiwhakatupu ki te pumautanga o te hua.

Te Whakaputa i ngā Whiu i roto i te Takai: Ko te nui o te paraoa ika i te 35-40% i roto i ngā whakatakotoranga whāngai koi ka hanga he hanganga pirepire pakarukaru. Nā ā rātou mate kua oti te whakarite, kua eke te ihirangi o ngā whiu i muri i te whakamatao ki te 4-5%, ka kohia ki roto i ngā raro o te putea, ā, ka puta he amuamu a ngā kaihoko mō te āhua o te hua me te uara e kitea ana. I roto i te mākete e aro nui ana ki te whakaaturanga o te hua i Hapani, ko ngā putea puehu e tohu ana i te kounga hanga iti ahakoa te ihirangi kai.

Te Otinga Hongyang: Mira Pellet Mowhiti Mate HYPM Series

I whiriwhiria e te kiritaki ngā mira pereti mowhiti raupapa Hongyang HYPM me ngā mati kua whirihorahia mō te hanga whāngai ika whakapaipai. I aro te whirihoranga ki ia wero whakahaere mā roto i ngā kōwhiringa hangarau motuhake:

Rauemi Mate me te Mīhini Tika: Ko ngā mate mowhiti i tukuna mai e Hongyang i hangaia mai i te maitai koranu X46Cr13 me te maimoatanga wera korehau e tutuki ai te pakeke o te mata o te 58-60 HRC. I whakahaeretia te taratara o roto o te kōhao mate ki te Ra ≤ 0.8 μm mā te tukanga whakakoi maha-wāhanga. Mō te tono whāngai koi, i tohua e te tīma hangarau a Hongyang he whirihoranga kōhao mate me te ōwehenga kōpeketanga o te 1:10 mō te whānuitanga pereti 2-4 mm me te 1:12 mō te whānuitanga 5-8 mm, e whakaatu ana i te nui ake o te ngako i roto i ngā whakatakotoranga kounga teitei - mai i te paraoa ika me te paraoa krill - e whakaiti ana i te ātete waku i roto i te awaawa mate. Nā te ōwehenga kōpeketanga teitei i utu te pānga whakahinuhinu o ngā hinu ika, e whakarite ana i te kiato pereti ōrite puta noa i ngā whānuitanga rahi katoa.

Whakaurunga Pūnaha Whakahau: I honoa te pūnaha HYPM me te whakahau rerekētanga poro-rua e whakarato ana i te 90-120 hēkona o te wā pupuri i te 85-95°C, ka tutuki ai ngā tere whakapūmau māngaro o te 45-55%. He mea nui tēnei mō te pumau o te wai. Nā te pāmahana whakahau teitei ake—i puritia kia ōrite mā te werohanga mamaoa e whakahaerehia ana e te PID—i whakarite kia pumau te whakapūmau ahakoa te roa o te whakahaere whakaputa, ka whakakorea te hekenga kounga tīmatanga-o-te-huringa i pā ki te kiritaki i mua. Ko te whakapūmau paraoa witi, e whakahaerehia ana e te pānga whakakotahi o te pāmahana, te makuku, me te wā noho, i haere tonu ki te otinga i mua i te urunga o te paraoa kua whakapūmau ki te rūma whakapūmau.

Te Whakahaere i Muri i te Whakatakotoranga Pelleti: I tūtohu te tīma hangarau a Hongyang i tētahi whirihoranga whakamatao rere-whakamuri me te wā pupuri roa mō te 12-15 meneti me te whakahaere i te pāmahana hau ā-taiao kia eke ki te pāmahana putanga pelleti i roto i te 3°C o te ā-taiao. Nā tēnei tikanga whakamatao i whakaitihia te pakaru o te ru wera—he pūtake noa o ngā mea kikokore i roto i ngā pelleti whāngai ika nui-pūmua—mā te karo i te whakamatao tere o te mata e hanga ana i ngā whati ahotea ā-roto i roto i te anga pelleti.

Ngā Hua: Ngā Raraunga Mahi 14-Marama

I muri i te whakatūnga i te Hui-tanguru 2025 me te 14 marama o te mahi tonu, i tuhia e te kiritaki ngā inenga mahi e whai ake nei:

Wā Mahi Whakaputa: I eke te mira pellet mate mowhiti HYPM ki te 98.3% te wā mahi i roto i te wā aromatawai. Nā te roa o te ora ratonga mate—nā te maitai koranu X46Cr13 me te maimoatanga wera tika—i taea ai te whakahaere whakaputa mō te 1,400-1,600 hāora i waenga i ngā whakakapinga mate, tata ki te rua te wā whakakapinga 800 hāora o mua a te kiritaki. Ko te tikanga o tēnei he tata ki te 3,800 tāne o te whāngai koi i whakaputaina mō ia huinga mate, ki te whakaritea ki te 1,700 tāne me ā rātou taputapu o mua. Nā te whakaiti i te auau whakawhiti mate anake i whakakorea ai te tata ki te 48 hāora o te wā whakatā whakaputa ā-tau.

Te Tika o te Diameter o te Pēreti: Ko te tauira tatauranga o te 200 pēreti mō ia puranga puta noa i ngā rahi pēreti e ono i whakaatu i te toharite o te rerekētanga o te diameter o te 0.12 mm me te paerewa o te 0.06 mm—i roto i te whakaritenga ±0.2 mm. I kōrero te kiritaki kāore he panga puranga i puta mai i te korenga o te rahi pēreti i roto i te wā 14-marama, he whakapainga nui mai i te 3-4 panga ia tau i kitea i mua. I mua, tata ki te 15 tana o te whāngai i hangaia anōtia me ngā mahi whakahaere e pā ana ki ia panga.

Te Pūmautanga o te Wai: I whakaatuhia e te whakamātautau tāke whakahaeretia i te pāmahana wai 25°C te pumautanga o te wai i waenganui i te 4.2-4.8 hāora puta noa i ngā rahi pire katoa. I hipa ake tēnei i te whakaritenga a te kiritaki mō te 2 hāora me te paerewa mō te 3 hāora e whakahuatia ana e ngā kaiwhakatupu kounga teitei. Ko te whakapainga i ahu mai i te whakahaere pāmahana ōrite o te pūnaha whakatikatika me te ōwehenga kōpeketanga kua arotauhia o te mate e tuku ana i te whakakorikori māngaro ōrite puta noa i te wāhanga whakawhiti pire.

Te Whakaiti i ngā Whiu: Ko te toharite o te ihirangi o ngā whiu i muri i te whakamatao me te takai i mua i te tākai, i inehia mā te tātari mā te mata 1.0 mm, he 1.8% te toharite, he hekenga mai i te 4.5% me te pūnaha mate o mua. Ko ngā rangahau urupare a ngā kiritaki i mahia i roto i ngā marama e ono i muri i te whakatūnga, i whakaatu i te 40% te hekenga o ngā amuamu e pā ana ki te āhua o te pire me te kohikohi puehu o raro o te putea. Mō te mākete e whai pānga ana te āhua o te tākai ki te kounga o te hua, he nui rawa te hiranga arumoni o tēnei whakapainga.

Urupare a te Kaiwhakatipu: I kōrero te kaiwhakahaere hokohoko a te kiritaki e toru o ā rātou kaute kaiwhakatipu matua e rima—tae atu ki tētahi kaiwhakatipu Toa Nui kua whakamanahia ā-motu mai i Isawa, Yamanashi Prefecture—i kite i te pai ake o te ōritetanga o ngā pirepire me te hekenga o te paru o te roto i te wā whakatipu 2025. I tuhia e tētahi kaiwhakatipu he pai ake te 12% o te ōritetanga o te taumaha puta noa i tētahi rōpū koi nisai (e rua tau te pakeke) e 400, e kī ana i te pai ake o te rahi o ngā pirepire me te ōritetanga o ngā matūkai puta noa i te wā whāngai.

Te Whakapūmau a Hongyang ki te Hangarau Motuhake mō te Taupānga

E whakaatu ana te take a Niigata i tētahi mātāpono e tautoko ana i te huarahi a Hongyang ki te mākete mīhini whāngai o te ao: ko te hangarau motuhake ki te tono te mea e akiaki ana i ngā putanga a te kiritaki. Mō te tono whāngai koi, ehara i te mea ko te nui o te hua mata te mea nui - ko te kaha kua whakatauhia o te pūnaha HYPM i nui ake i te rahinga iti o te kiritaki i te tau 3,500-tana - engari ko te whakarewatanga o te mate, te tika o te ōwehenga kōpeketanga, me te ōritetanga o te whakatikatika. Ko te hiahia o Hongyang ki te whirihora i ngā mate mowhiti ki ngā hiahia motuhake o te hanga whāngai ika whakapaipai, kaua ki te tuku i tētahi mate whāngai kararehe paerewa, i wehewehe i te whakauru mai i ngā kaiwhakarato taputapu taonga.

Mai i te tirohanga a te kiritaki, i horapa atu te uara o te whakaaro i tua atu i te mahi a ngā taputapu. Nā te whakaiti i te auau o te whakakapinga o ngā mate i whakaiti i ngā utu pau mā te tata ki te 1.2 miriona yen ia tau. Nā te whakakorenga o ngā whakakorenga puranga i whakahokia mai ai te tata ki te 85 tāne o te kaha whakaputa i maumauria i ia tau. Ā, nā te pai o te makona o te kiritaki—he uaua ake te ine engari he mea nui i roto i te ahurea pakihi o Hapani e ārahi ana i te whanaungatanga—i whakakaha ake i tō rātou tūranga whakataetae i roto i te mākete e whakahaere tika ana te ingoa waitohu i ngā utu nui.

Whakamutunga

Ko te umanga koi o Hapani, me ōna paerewa kounga tino pai me te turanga kiritaki matatau, ko tētahi o ngā mākete whāngai tino tono nui o te ao. Ko te whakatinanatanga angitu o ngā mira pellet mate mowhiti HYPM a Hongyang i tētahi kaihanga whāngai koi i Niigata e whakaatu ana ka taea e ngā taputapu pellet i hangaia kia tino tika te whakaputa i ngā whakapainga ine i roto i te kounga pellet, te pai o te whakaputa, me te makona o te kiritaki—ahakoa i roto i ngā tono motuhake kāore ngā rahinga whakaputa e tata ki te tauine ahumahi.

Mō ngā kaihanga whāngai e mahi ana ki ngā mākete ahumoana kounga teitei, ka tukuna e te keehi Niigata he tauira ka taea te tārua: te haumi ki te hangarau mate me te tika o te whakatikatika, te ine tika i ngā putanga, me te whakaaro ki te kounga o te pirepire hei rerekētanga whakataetae kaua ki te paepae iti rawa o te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.