Whakarāpopototanga Whakahaere
He kaiārahi ā-rohe a Belarus i roto i te mahi hanga heihei. E ai ki te Komiti Tatauranga ā-Motu o te Repupiripia o Belarus, e 54.5 miriona ngā upoko heihei i puritia e te whenua i te marama o Hānuere 2026, ā, ko te heihei te 41.6% o ngā hoko mīti katoa — he pikinga mai i te 40.5% i te tau 2024. O ngā whakahaere ahuwhenua 38 o te motu e mahi ana i te mahi pāmu heihei, e 20 e tohunga ana ki te mahi hanga heihei parai, e whakaputa katoa ana i te 693,000 tāne o te mīti heihei ia tau.
E whakaatu ana tēnei tuhinga i te haerenga hoko o tētahi mira whāngai heihei arumoni i Belarus i whai ki te whakapai ake i tana raina pelleting me tētahi mira pellet ring die. E tirotiro ana te take i te aromatawai a te mira i te hangarau hanga kōhao ring die, i te aromatawai i te pakeketanga o te hanga a ngā kaiwhakarato, ā, i te mutunga ka tutuki te kounga pellet whāngai heihei ōrite mā te hononga ki a Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd.
1. Te Whenua Whāngai Manu o Belarusian: He aha te Hiranga o te Kounga o te Ring Die
Kei te whakahaerehia te rāngai heihei o Belarus i te tauine ahumahi. I te kōrero a te Perehitini Alexander Lukashenko i tētahi huihuinga whanaketanga ahumahi heihei ā-motu i Soligorsk i te mutunga o te tau 2024, i kī ia kua nui ake te hanga mīti heihei o te whenua i te hiahia ā-rohe mā te tata ki te 60%, ā, ko te hoko mīti heihei parai he 8.5% te hua. Nā tēnei toenga ka tū a Belarus hei kaihokohoko kupenga i roto i te Uniana Ōhanga o Eurasia (EAEU), engari ko te tikanga hoki kei te pāngia tonutia ngā mira whāngai ki te pupuri i te hanga whakataetae-utu.
Ko te whāngai te 50–60% o ngā utu whakaputa heihei parai. Mō tētahi mira e whakaputa ana i te 100,000 tāne o te whāngai heihei parai ia tau, ahakoa he 1% te whakapainga o te pakari o ngā pirepire — te whakaiti i ngā utu whiu me te moumou kai — ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu rauemi mata i roto i te tau whakaputa.
Ko te mate mowhiti te ngako o tēnei whārite. Koinei te wāhanga pau e whakatau ana i te kiato o te pire, te pakari, te kaha whakaputa, me te whakapaunga pūngao. Ko te mate mowhiti kāore i te pai te hanga me te koretake o te diameter o ngā kōhao, ngā mata o roto taratara, te tohatoha pakeke koretake rānei, ka puta he pire ka pakaru i te wā e kawe ana, ka puta he pai rawa atu, ka akiaki i te motuka mira pire kia kaha ake te mahi - ka whakaiti katoa i te hua.
Mō te mira o Belarusian kua whakaahuatia i konei, ko te whakatau ki te haumi ki tētahi mira pellet mowhiti tino tika i akiakihia e ngā āhuatanga whakahaere e toru:
1. Ko te raina whakangao pellet o nāianei, i tāutahia i te tekau tau ki muri, i whakaputa i ngā uara PDI o te 86–89% i runga i ngā hanganga parai - i raro iho i te paepae 92% e hiahiatia ana e ngā mahi parai whakauru o te mira.
2. Kua piki ake te auau o te whakawhiti i ngā mate mai i ia 800–1,000 hāora mahi ki ia 500–600 hāora, e tohu ana i te tere o te kakahu mai i te rauemi kāore i te tino pai me te mutunga o te mata kōhao.
3. Kua piki ake te whakapaunga pūngao ki te 48 kWh/t, nā te pikinga ake o te ātete waku o ngā mate kua tawhito.
2. Te Tukanga Hoko: Te Aromatawai i te Pakeketanga o te Hanganga o te Mowhiti Mate
I whakatūria e te tīma whakahaere o te mira, tae atu ki te kaiwhakahaere whakaputa, te miihini matua, me te kaiwhakahaere hokohoko, he anga aromatawai whai hanganga i mua i te whakapā atu ki ngā kaiwhakarato.
2.1 Ngā Paearu Aromatawai Hangarau
E rima ngā kāwai i tautuhia e te tīma mō te aromatawai kaiwhakarato:
| Kāwai | Taumaha | Ngā Tohu Matua |
|—|—|—|
| Hangarau hanga kōhao | 30% | Tikanga keri, ōritetanga o te mata, tika o te kōhao |
| Rauemi me te maimoatanga wera | 25% | Te kounga maitai, te ōritetanga o te pakeke, te kaha ki te tinei korehau |
| Te āheinga whakaritenga | 20% | Te hoahoa ōwehenga kōpeketanga, te arotautanga tauira kōhao mō ngā rauemi mata o te rohe |
| Tiwhikete me ngā tuhinga | 15% | Te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga a te EAEU, ngā pūrongo whakamātautau rauemi, ngā mahere mārō |
| Tautoko muri-hoko | 10% | Tukunga a te miihini, te wātea o ngā wāhanga e manawapa ana, te tautoko hangarau mamao |
2.2 Te Pātai Hangarau Hanga-Pōhaku
Ko te pātai hangarau tino nui i pātaihia e te mira ki ngā kaiwhakarato katoa ko: "Me pēhea te keri i ngā kōhao?"
Ehara tēnei i te pātai māmā noa. Kei roto i te mowhiti mati mō te mira pere rahi-waenganui e 3,000–5,000 ngā kōhao takitahi, ka keria ia kōhao mā roto i te mowhiti maitai he 80–140 mm te matotoru. Ko te kounga o ēnei kōhao — tōna whānui, tōna tika, me tōna āhua o roto — te mea e whakatau tika ana i te kounga o te pere.
Ko ngā kaiwhakarato e whakamahi ana i ngā tikanga hurihuri-wiri tuku iho i runga i ngā taputapu ā-ringa, ā-haurua-aunoa rānei, ka whakaputa i ngā kōhao he taratara te mata (Ra) i roto i te awhe o te 3.2–6.3 µm. He rerekē, ko ngā kaihanga e whakamahi ana i te keri hohonu-kōhao CNC me te tuku whakamatao pēhanga teitei — mā te whakamahi i te BTA (Boring and Trepanning Association) me ngā taputapu keri pū rānei — ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā uara Ra i raro i te 1.6 µm, me ngā ātete diameter kōhao i roto i te ±0.05 mm.
I toro atu te tīma aromatawai o te mira o Belarusian ki ētahi atu kaiwhakarato e rua, ā, i arotakehia ngā tuhinga hangarau mai i ētahi atu e toru. I kitea te mea tino rerekē i raro i te whakanui: i whakaatuhia e ngā kōhao i keria e te CNC ngā tohu taputapu ōrite, porowhita e rite ana ki te tapahi kotahi-ira ārahi; i whakaatuhia e ngā kōhao i keria tikanga ngā mata koretake, pakaru e tohu ana i te takai maramara me te haereere o te keri.
2.3 Te Kōwhiri i ngā Mīhini Whāngai o Hongyang
I muri i tētahi tukanga aromatawai e whā marama te roa, i whiriwhiria e te mira a Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. hei kaiwhakarato mō te mira pellet ring die. E toru ngā kitenga i puta i te whakataunga:
- Te whakamahinga a Hongyang i ngā mīhini keri hohonu-poka CNC me te tuku whakamatao pēhanga teitei, e whakaputa ana i ngā mata o te poka he maeneene ake i ngā kaiwhakarato whakataetae i te utu rite.
- Te hiahia o te kamupene ki te whakarato i ngā tiwhikete rauemi taipitopito (ngā pūrongo whakamātautau o te mira maitai) me ngā mahere tohatoha pakeke mō ia mowhiti mate — he tuhinga ka taea e te tīma whakaū kounga o te mira te whakataurite ki te ture hangarau EAEU TR CU 010/2011.
- He tukanga hangarau i mua i te hoko e aro nui ana: i roto i ngā wiki e rua i muri i te whiwhinga o te kōtaha rauemi mata o te mira (witi me te parei o te rohe i konatunatua ki te paraoa pīni soya kawemai, te makuku noa 13–15%), i tūtohu te tīma hangarau a Hongyang i te ōwehenga kōpeketanga o te 1:9 mō te hanganga tīmatanga parai me te 1:10 mō te whakaoti, i tautokona e ngā raraunga tohutoro mai i ngā whakaurunga rite.
3. Whirihoranga me te Tāutanga Taputapu
I tono te mira kia hangaia he wāhanga whakakoi katoa huri noa i te mira whakakoi porowhita SZLH420 kotahi (110 kW te motuka matua, e whakahaerehia ana e te taputapu). Ko ngā mea i roto i te tono:
- E rua ngā mati mowhiti kowiri tira (X46Cr13 / 4Cr13): tētahi he 3.0 mm te whānui o te kōhao me te ōwehenga kōpeketanga 1:9 mō te whāngai tīmatanga mō te heihei tunu kai, me tētahi he 3.5 mm ngā kōhao me te ōwehenga kōpeketanga 1:10 mō te whāngai whakamutunga mō te heihei tunu kai.
- Kotahi te huinga roera tāpiri me ngā peera hiri.
- He whakangawari paparanga-rua me te wā pupuri 150–180 hēkona, i hangaia hei whakatutuki i te whakawhakarewatanga māngaro neke atu i te 30% i te 10 t/h te kaha whakaputa.
- He matao rere-whakamuri (tauira SKLN6) me te mata tirotiro hurihuri.
I tukuna ngā taputapu mā te China–Europe Railway Express ki Minsk, me ngā takai ārai-waikura me ngā pouaka ātete-ru i whakaritea mō te haerenga tereina 7,500 km te roa. I oti te tāutanga i roto i ngā wiki e rima e tētahi rōpū mahi tahi o ngā miihini o Hongyang me ngā kaimahi tiaki o te mira, ā, i whakahaerehia te whakatūnga i te Hui-tanguru 2025.
I tutuki ngā raraunga whakatūnga i ngā whakaritenga hoahoa i te wā whakaputanga tuatahi:
- Te kaha whakaputa: 10.3 tana/h i te 92% o te kawenga motuka (whakatauranga: 10–12 tana/h)
- Te pāmahana tukunga o te whakangawari: 86–89 °C
- Te Taupū Pakari o te Pellet (PDI): 95.4% i runga i te hanganga tīmatanga parai
- Te whakapaunga pūngao motuhake: 41.8 kWh/t
4. Ngā Hua Whakahaere: Ngā Raraunga Whakaputa mō ngā Marama e Ono
I muri i ngā marama e ono o te mahi tonu (Maehe–Ākuhata 2025), i whakaatuhia e ngā rekoata whakahaere kounga o te mira:
| Tawhā | Raina Tawhito (Whakahou-Mua) | Raina Hongyang Hou | Whakapai |
|—|—|—|—|—|
| PDI Toharite (whakaoho heihei) | 87.5% | 95.8% | +8.3 ia tangata |
| Te toharite o te PDI (te kai whakaoti heihei) | 88.2% | 96.1% | +7.9 ia tangata |
| Pūngao motuhake (kWh/t) | 48.2 | 41.6 | -13.7% |
| Te roanga o te mahi (haora) | 550–620 | 950+ (kei te haere tonu) | +55%+ |
| Te reiti whakahokinga whiu (% o te putanga) | 8.1% | 3.2% | -60.5% |
| Te tere hanga pireti | 90.3% | ≥96% | +5.7 pp |
Ko te whakahekenga o te reiti whakahokinga whiu anake — mai i te 8.1% ki te 3.2% — i tohu ko ia 100 tāne o te paraoa pokepoke i tukatukahia, tata ki te 5 tāne anō o ngā pirepire hoko i kohia e te mira, kaua e hangarua anō ki te whakamahana. I te utu hoko toharite mō te whāngai heihei parai me te nui o te whakaputanga ā-tau o te 60,000 tāne o te whāngai heihei parai, he nui te takoha o tēnei whakapainga ki te tawhē mahi a te mira.
4.1 Te Pānga o te Kounga Whāngai ki te Mahi a te Manu Parai
I pūrongohia e te whakahaerenga pūmua whakauru o te mira ngā pānga ka taea te ine i raro iho:
- I piki ake te ōwehenga tahuritanga whāngai (FCR) mai i te 1.72 ki te 1.66 i roto i ngā huringa whakatipu e ono, ā, i kī te tohunga kai he whakahekenga tēnei nā te iti o te wehewehenga o ngā pirepire, me te whakapai tonu i te hanganga.
- I piki ake te ōritetanga o te taumaha o te manu i te wā i patua ai, ā, i heke te tauwehenga rerekētanga o te taumaha tinana mai i te 10.5% ki te 8.3%, e hangai ana ki te kai ōrite ake.
- I kitea te hekenga o te moumou kai i ngā whāngai paraharaha; i kitea i ngā kitenga o te papaanga he tata ki te 30% te iti iho o te marara o ngā kai i whakaritea ki te wā i mua i te whakahoutanga.
5. Te Tikanga o te "Hangarau Hanga Kōhao Pakeke" i roto i te Mahi
E whakaatu ana ngā wheako o te mira o Belarusian i te āhua o te hanga mati mowhiti pakeke i roto i ngā tikanga whakahaere, i tua atu i ngā whakaritenga hangarau i runga i te pepa raraunga.
5.1 Te ōritetanga puta noa i ngā mate
I te tono a te mira i tana mowhiti whakakapinga tuatahi i te marama o Ākuhata 2025, i whakaritea e te tīma whakahaere kounga te mowhiti hou ki te mowhiti taketake i whakamahia mā te whakamahi i te hanganga tīmatanga parai me ngā tautuhinga mīhini ōrite. Ko te rerekētanga PDI i waenga i ngā mowhiti e rua he 0.3 ōrau - i roto i te koretake o te ine - e whakaū ana i te taea te mahi anō i te tukanga hanga a Hongyang i te tauine whakaputa.
5.2 Ngā Tauira Kakahu e Matapaetia ana
I muri i ngā hāora mahi 950+, i whakaatuhia e te mate tuatahi i whakamahia he kakahu ōrite puta noa i ngā diameter kōhao katoa, me te pikinga whānui mōrahi i inehia i te 0.12 mm i te awhi pokapū me te 0.09 mm i ngā taha. Nā tēnei ōritetanga — he hua tika o te pakeketanga o ngā rauemi i tutukihia mā te tinei korehau — i taea ai te whakamahi i te mate mō te kaupapa whakaputa katoa, kaua e whakawhiti wawetia nā te kakahu ā-rohe.
5.3 Ngā tuhinga ka taea e koe te whakawhirinaki
Mō ia mate i tukuna, i whakaratohia e Hongyang:
- He tiwhikete rauemi mai i te mira maitai e whakaū ana i te kounga X46Cr13 me te hanganga matū.
- He mahere tohatoha pakeke e whakaatu ana i ngā inenga pakeke Rockwell (HRC) i ngā pūwāhi 12 puta noa i te mata o te mata. Nā te whakamātautau manatoko a te mira i whakaū ngā pānui i roto i te ±1 HRC o ngā uara kua pūrongohia e te kaiwhakarato.
- Ngā pūrongo tirotiro i ngā āhuatanga mō te whānui o te kōhao, te papa, me te āhua o te poka whakamuri.
Ehara i te mea he whakaritenga noa iho tēnei kete tuhinga. Nā tēnei i āhei ai te tīma whakaū kounga o te mira ki te whakaatu i te tutuki i ngā ture hangarau a te EAEU i te wā o tētahi arotake kua whakaritea e te Komiti Paerewa a te Kāwanatanga o Belarusian i te Pipiri 2025.
6. Te Tirohanga a te Kaiwhakarato: Te Huarahi a Hongyang ki ngā Mākete EAEU
Mai i te taha kaiwhakarato, ko te mahi tahi a Hongyang Feed Machinery me te mākete o Belarusian e whakaata ana i tētahi huarahi whānui ki te mahi ki ngā kiritaki EAEU. Ko te kamupene, i whakatūria i te tau 2006 i Liyang, Porowini o Jiangsu — te pokapū rongonui o Haina mō te hanga mīhini whāngai — kua kaweake i ngā taputapu ki neke atu i te 15 whenua, tae atu ki a Rūhia, Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia, Pakistan, Egypt, me Senegal.
Mō ngā mākete EAEU, kua whakawhanakehia e Hongyang:
- He kete tuhinga hangarau e hangai ana ki te TR CU 010/2011 (haumarutanga o ngā mīhini) me te TR CU 004/2011 (haumarutanga o ngā taputapu ngaohiko-iti).
- He wheako ki te tautoko i te tiwhikete GOST-B, tae atu ki ngā tauira whakapuakitanga EAC me ngā uruwhenua hangarau i te reo Rūhia, Ingarihi rānei.
- Te kaha whakahaere mō ngā tuku tereina tereina Haina-Ūropi, me ngā taputapu kua whakaritea mō ngā pāmahana tino kino me ngā āhuatanga whakahaere o te kawe tereina whakawhiti whenua.
- He tauira whai muri i te hoko e whakakotahi ana i te tuku miihini ki te papaanga (i roto i ngā rā mahi 15 mō ngā haerenga EAEU) me te tautoko mamao mā te waea ataata me te karere inamata.
Mō te mira o Belarusian, ko te tikanga o tēnei, i te wā i puta ai he raruraru iti o te piki me te heke o te pēhanga mamaoa i te toru o ngā marama o te mahi, i kitea e te tīma hangarau a Hongyang te pūtake — he mahanga waikura i raro i te whakamahana i iti rawa mō te pane mamaoa o te mira — i roto i te haora kotahi i muri i te whiwhinga o te karere WhatsApp a te mira me te rārangi pēhanga mamaoa.
7. Whakamutunga
E whakaatu ana te wheako hoko a te mira whāngai heihei o Belarusian ehara te hangarau hanga kōhao mowhiti i te taipitopito hanga noa iho — koinei te mea tino nui e whakatau ana i te kounga o te pire, te whai huatanga o te pūngao, me te roa o te ora o te kai heihei i roto i te hanga whāngai arumoni.
E toru ngā āhuatanga i whai wāhi ki te angitu o te putanga:
- He tukanga aromatawai kaiwhakarato tino pakari i aro nui ki te kounga hangahanga e taea te ine — te whakaotinga o te mata o te kōhao, te ōritetanga o te pakeke, me te tuhi tuhinga — i runga ake i ngā kereme hokohoko.
- He kaiwhakarato, ko Hongyang Feed Machinery, nā rātou i whakangao ki te keri hohonu-poka CNC, te maimoatanga wera korehau, me te hoahoa mate motuhake-tono i whakaputa hei kounga pumau, ka taea te whakahoki i te tauine whakaputa.
- He tukanga whakatūnga i whakamahia ai ngā taputapu hei pūnaha whakapūtātanga matū kua whakauruhia, kaua hei kohinga mīhini takitahi, me te wā pupuri mō te whakangawari me ngā whakaritenga mō te mate e ōrite ana ki te kōtaha rauemi mata motuhake o te mira.
Mō ngā mira whāngai kararehe i Belarus me te rohe whānui o EAEU, he mārama te akoranga: i te aromatawai i tētahi mira pirepire porowhita, me pātai atu kia kite i ngā kōhao. Pātai atu me pēhea te keri, me pēhea te manatoko i tō rātou kounga, me te mea ka taea e te kaiwhakarato te tuku i te kounga ōrite ki te tekau o ngā pirepire ki te tuatahi. Mā ngā whakautu ka nui ake ngā kōrero mō te kounga o ngā pirepire i tā tētahi atu pukapuka iti.
Ngā Tohutoro
1. Komiti Tatauranga ā-Motu o te Repupiripia o Peraruhia. "Te maha o ngā kararehe me ngā heihei me te whakatipu kararehe i roto i ngā pāmu o ngā momo katoa i te tau 2025." Belstat, 2026.
2. Te Manatū Ahuwhenua me te Kai o te Repupiripia o Belarus. Matapae whakaputa kararehe mō te tau 2024. I tukuna e BELTA, Hui-tanguru 2024.
3. Perehitini o te Repupiripia o Belarus. Huihuinga whanaketanga ā-motu mō te umanga heihei, Soligorsk, Oketopa 2024. I tukuna e BelTA.
4. Ngā Ture Hangarau a te EAEU: TR CU 010/2011 (haumarutanga o ngā mīhini), TR CU 004/2011 (haumarutanga o ngā taputapu ngaohiko-iti).
5. Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. Ngā tuhinga hangarau hua me ngā whakaritenga whakahaere kounga mō te mowhiti mate.
6. Amerah, AM, et al. “Te rahi o te matūriki whāngai: Ngā pānga ki te nakunaku me te mahi a te manu.” World's Poultry Science Journal, 63(3), 2007.
7. Thomas, M., et al. “Te kounga ā-tinana o te whāngai kararehe kua whakapūpūtia.” Animal Feed Science and Technology, 70(3), 1998.
Wā tuku: Mei-27-2026
