Whakarāpopototanga Whakahaere
I te mutunga o te tau 2025, i pau i a Brazil te 89.9 miriona tana o te katoa o ngā whāngai kararehe, ā, i whakaū i tōna tūranga hei tuatoru o ngā kaihanga whāngai nui rawa atu o te ao i muri i a Haina me te Hononga o Amerika anake. I roto i tēnei whenua, i tū te wāhanga kau mīti kau me te pikinga 7% i ia tau o te rahinga whāngai, tae atu ki te 7.73 miriona tana - te tere tipu kaha rawa atu i roto i ngā wāhanga kararehe katoa. Ko te mea e akiaki ana i tēnei whānui ko te nekehanga hanganga ki ngā pūnaha whakaoti kaha: i neke atu te taupori kau whāngai kararehe o Brazil i te 9.25 miriona upoko i te tau 2025, he pikinga 16% mai i te tau i mua.
I Mato Grosso do Sul — tētahi o ngā whenua whāngai kararehe e rima o Brazil me ngā kau e 900,000 kua herea, me te tipu tau-ki-te-tau 17.8% — i pāngia tētahi umanga mīti kau rahi-waenga e tētahi arai nui mō te whakaputa. E whakaatu ana tēnei rangahau take i te mahi tahi a te pāmu me Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. (Hongyang) ki te whakatū i tētahi mira pereti mowhiti mate SZLH508 me ngā taputapu raina tautoko, e whakarerekē ana i tōna kaha whakaputa whāngai me te kounga o te pereti.
Papamuri Kaihoko
Kei te taha o Dourados i te tonga o Mato Grosso do Sul, kei te whakahaerehia e Agropecuária Campo Verde tētahi pūnaha whakaputa mīti kau kua whakauruhia poutū e horapa ana ki te 3,200 heketea o te whenua ahuwhenua me te kaha whakaoti 17,000-upoko ia tau. Ka whakaputahia e te pāmu tana ake silage kānga, ā, ka tangohia e ia te DDGS (ngā witi maroke me ngā wairewa) mai i tētahi tipu etanoru tata - he tauira whakauru hua-kararehe kua tipu mai i te 40% ki te 71.8% te whakamahinga i waenga i ngā wāhi whāngai kararehe o Brazil mai i te tau 2020.
I waenganui o te tau 2024, kua eke te nui o te kai whakaoti o te pāmu ki te 7 tana, engari ko tana mira pirepire tawhito — he waeine i hangaia i roto i te motu me te neke atu i te ono tau o te mahi tonu — i raru ki te pupuri i te ōritetanga. Nā te pakaru o te mowhiti mate i whakakapia ia 8-9 marama, ko te wā whakatā kore i whakaritea he 14 hāora ia marama, ā, ko te taupū roa o te pirepire (PDI) i rerekē i waenga i te 86% me te 89%, he iti iho i te paepae 93% i whakaarohia e te tohunga kai he pai mō te whakaiti i te para kai me te whakanui ake i te pikinga toharite o ia rā.
Ngā Wero Whakaputa
E toru ngā take i tautuhi i te aukati o te mahi:
1. Te kounga o ngā pirepire kāore i te ōrite. Nā te mowhiti tawhito o te mira i whakaputa ngā pirepire he rerekē te pakeke me te roa, ā, ka puta he tere whakaputa paitini o te 8-11%. I roto i ngā kai whāngai kararehe o Brazil — ko te tikanga he 70-80% te kukū me te witi hei rauemi — ka whakaitihia te ōritetanga o te kai e ngā paitini nui, ā, ka whakararu i te tika o ngā kai whakaranu katoa.
2. Te whakakapinga auau o ngā matihao mowhiti. E 8-9 marama te roa o te ratonga matihao mowhiti, ā, e 3-4 ngā rā whakaputa i ngaro i te pāmu mō ia whakawhiti, me te utu anō hoki mō te matihao. I te utu mō ia upoko heihei i ia rā, arā, R$12.70 mō ia upoko heihei i ia rā, me te utu mō te 17,000 upoko heihei e haereere ana i roto i te wāhi whāngai kararehe i ia tau, ko ia rā o te wā whakatā he tata ki te R$13,500 te nui o te whāngai i tangohia mai i waho.
3. Te taumata o te kaha. Kāore i taea e te mira o nāianei, arā, te 5.5 tana ia hāora, te whakanui ake i te pāmu ki te 20,000 tāra i te tau 2026 — he huarahi e hangai ana ki te mākete whāngai kararehe whānui o Mato Grosso do Sul, i reira i whakamahere ai te 78.8% o ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te whakanui ake i ngā rahinga whakaotinga nui.
Te Kōwhiringa Taputapu me te Otinga
Whai muri i te aromatawai i ngā kaiwhakarato e toru — tētahi kaihanga ā-rohe o Brazil me ētahi atu Hainamana e rua — i whiriwhiria e te whakahaere o Campo Verde te mira pellet mowhiti SZLH508 a Hongyang hei uho mō tētahi raina whāngai whakaoti hou. E toru ngā āhuatanga i ārahi i te whakatau:
Te hangarau o te mate mowhiti. Ka whakamahia e te SZLH508 he mate mowhiti diameter o roto 508mm i hangaia mai i te maitai kore waikura 4Cr13 me ngā kōhao i keria e te pū, he tukanga e whakarite ana i te diameter kōhao ōrite me te whakaotinga maeneene o te pakitara o roto. Ka pā tika tēnei ki te ōritetanga o te pēhitanga o te pereti me te tere o te kakahu o te mate. I whakarato a Hongyang i ngā whakaritenga taipitopito mō te whakarewa me ngā pūrongo whakamātautau pakeke tuatoru (HRC 52-55 i runga i te mata mahi o te mate) i mua i te whakatakotoranga o te ota - he taumata tuhinga kāore i riro i te pāmu mai i ētahi atu kaiwhakarato.
Te whānuitanga o te kaha kua whakamātauhia. Ko te SZLH-508 e whakatauria ana mō te 5-20 tana ia hāora i runga i te whirihoranga me te hanganga o te mate. Mō te pereti whakaoti kau 6mm a Campo Verde, i tatauhia e te tīma hangarau a Hongyang he kaha e tumanakohia ana ko te 8-10 tana/hāora i te ōwehenga kōpeketanga o te 1:8.5, e waiho ana he wāhi upoko mō te whāinga whakawhānui 20,000-upoko.
Hototahi katoa o te raina. Haunga te mira pirepire, i tukuna e Hongyang he pouaka whakamatao rere-whakamuri e ōrite ana (SKLN-4), he tātari hurihuri (SFJH-120), me ngā huinga e rua o ngā mate mowhiti tāpiri me ngā anga roera — e āhei ai te pāmu ki te whakarite i tētahi kaiwhakarato mō te wāhanga whakaputa pirepire me te karo i ngā take hototahi rerekē-waitohu.
Ko te whirihoranga raina katoa i whakaurua:
| Taputapu | Tauira | Mahi |
|————–|——-|————-|
| Mira pere porowhita mate mowhiti | SZLH-508 (132 kW) | Te whakapere pere tuatahi |
| He whakamatao rerenga | SKLN-4 | Te whakamahana i muri pire |
| Matawai hurihuri | SFJH-120 | Tango whiu |
| Mowhiti mate (tāpiri) | 508mm, kōhao 6mm, CR 1:8.5 | Hanganga tārua |
| Anga porotaka (tāpiri) | 216mm te whānui, 40CrMnTi | Ngā wāhanga kakahu tārua |
Tāutanga me te Whakatūnga
I tukuna e Hongyang tētahi tīma hangarau tokorua ki Dourados hei tirotiro i te tāutanga me te whakatūnga i te papaanga. Tekau mā tahi ngā rā i pau i te tukanga mai i te tango i ngā kēti ki te oma whakaputanga tuatahi — e toru ngā rā i tere ake i te whakatau tata a te pāmu mō ngā rā 14 tuatahi. Ngā kitenga matua mai i te pūrongo whakatūnga:
- Ko te mōta matua (132 kW, waitohu WEG e ai ki te hiahia o te pāmu mō te āheinga ratonga ā-rohe) i whakaritea ki roto i te 0.05mm i runga i te hononga, i neke atu i te 0.08mm o te manawanui wheketere.
- I whakatikatikaina ngā tawhā whakapūmau mamaoa i te 0.3-0.4 MPa me te pāmahana mahi o te mate 80-85 nekehanga Celsius — te wāhi pai mō te whakakākano i ngā ranunga kukū kānga me te kore e whakaiti i te pūmua taha i roto i te wāhanga DDGS.
- I whakamātauria te PDI oma tuatahi ki te 94.2% mā te whakamahi i te tikanga takahuri ASAE S269.4, ā, i eke tonu ki runga ake i te whāinga 93%.
I te wā o te whakatūnga, i whakahaerehia e ngā miihini o Hongyang ngā whakangungu o ia rā me ngā kaiwhakahaere mira e toru o te pāmu, e kapi ana i ngā tikanga pakaru o te mira, te whakatikatika i te āputa roera (te manawanui 0.1-0.3mm), te aroturuki i te kounga o te mamaoa, me te tirotiro matapae i te kakahu mā te whakamahi i te ine pū.
Ngā Hua Whakahaere (Ākuhata 2024 – Ināianei)
I muri i ngā marama 18 o te mahi tonu — tata ki te 4,800 hāora oma e tukatuka ana i te 38,000 tana o te kai kau e whakaoti ana — kua puta ngā hua o te SZLH-508 i tino whakapakari i te ōhanga whakaputa o Campo Verde:
| Ine | I mua i te Whakapai Ake | I muri i te Whakapai Ake | Whakapai Ake |
|——–|—————-|—————–|—————-|
| Te whakaputanga whai hua | 5.5 tana/h | 8.5 tana/h | +54.5% |
| Taupū Pakari o te Pēreti (PDI) | 86-89% | 94-95% | +6-8 ngā tohu |
| Te reiti whakaputa whiu | 8-11% | 3-4% | -60% |
| Te roanga o te mahi mō te mowhiti mate | 8-9 marama | 18+ marama (kei te haere tonu) | +100% |
| Wā whakatā kore mahi ā-marama | 14 hāora | 2.5 hāora | -82% |
| Te whakapaunga pūngao mō ia tana | 22.4 kWh/t | 18.1 kWh/t | -19.2% |
Kei te whakamahia tonutia te mowhiti tuatahi mō te tohu 18 marama, he mahi e kīia ana e te kaiwhakahaere whakaputa o te pāmu nā te tika o te keri pū a Hongyang me te tikanga whakahaere mō te pakaru o te mati i whakaakona i te wā whakatūnga. "I whai mātou i te tikanga pakaru - te whakahaere i te paraoa hinuhinu i roto i te kawenga iti mō ngā haora 8 tuatahi - ā, he iti noa te pakaru o te mata o te mati. E matapaetia ana kia 6 marama pea i mua i te whakakapinga," tana kī i roto i tētahi arotake whai muri.
Ko te whakahekenga 19.2% o te whakapaunga pūngao mō ia tana — mai i te 22.4 ki te 18.1 kWh — e tohu ana ki te tata ki te R$38,000 o ngā penapena hiko ā-tau i ngā utu ahumahi ā-rohe, he whika e kapi ana i te wāhanga nui o te utu katoa o te mana pupuri o te taputapu puta noa i tōna roanga mahi e tumanakohia ana.
Tirohanga a te Kaihoko
I whakarāpopototia e Lucas Marques, te kaiwhakahaere whakahaere i Campo Verde, te wheako:
"I te tīmatanga i tino tupato mātou ki te tiki taputapu mai i tētahi kaihanga Hainamana kāore anō kia mahi tahi mātou i mua. Ko te mea i whakamana i a mātou ko te māramatanga - i tohaina e Hongyang ngā tiwhikete rauemi katoa, i tukuna ngā tohutoro mai i ngā kiritaki o Amerika Latina, ā, e toru ngā rā i pau i ā rātou miihini ki ngā waea ataata i mua i te tukunga o te ota, me te tirotiro i ngā taipitopito katoa mai i ngā whakaritenga turanga ki te rahi o ngā paipa mamaoa. I te taenga mai o ngā taputapu, i tino ōrite ki ngā whakaritenga. I roto i ngā marama 18, e rua ā mātou waea ratonga - i whakatauhia i roto i ngā haora 48 mā te arataki mamao. Mō tētahi kaiwhakahaere whāngai kararehe e whakawhirinaki ana ngā tawhē ki te whai huatanga o te whāngai, ko te 94%+ PDI te inenga tino nui."
Whakamutunga
Ko ngā wheako o Campo Verde e whakaata ana i te whānui o te whanaketanga o te rāngai whāngai kau o Brazil. I te piki haere o te maha o ngā kau kua herea - mai i te 8 miriona i te tau 2024 ki te 9.25 miriona i te tau 2025 - me te whakawhāiti haere o ngā moni whiwhi me te rerekētanga o ngā utu whakauru, kei te tirotirohia haeretia e ngā kaiwhakahaere whāngai kau ia hononga i roto i tā rātou mekameka whakaputa. Ehara te kounga o te pire i te inenga noa; ka whakahaere tika i te ōritetanga o te kai whāngai, te ōritetanga o te pikinga taumaha, me te whai huatanga ōhanga o ngā huringa whakaoti.
Ko te huarahi a Hongyang — te whakakotahi i ngā whakaritenga hangarau kua tuhia, te whakatūnga i te papaanga me te whakangungu kaiwhakahaere, me te tautoko whai muri i te hoko — e aro ana ki ngā āwangawanga mahi a ngā kaiwhakahaere whāngai kararehe kāore e taea te utu ki te whakaaro ki ngā taputapu tino nui hei hoko taonga. Mō Campo Verde, kua whakamātauhia te SZLH508 hei turanga pono mō tōna whānui mai i te 17,000 ki te 20,000 upoko, me te wāhi upoko hei tautoko i te tipu haere tonu i te mea kei te haere tonu te nekehanga hanganga o te rāngai mīti kau o Brazil ki te whakaoti kaha.
Wā tuku: Mei-28-2026
