Whakarāpopototanga Whakahaere
I eke te whakaputanga mīti parai o Saudi Arabia ki te 1.3 miriona tana i te tau 2024, he pikinga 12.9% ia tau i ahu mai i te whakahaunga haumaru kai a Vision 2030 e whai ana kia 80% te oranga motuhake o te heihei (GASTAT, 2024). Nā tēnei whānuitanga ka nui ake ngā tono ki ngā kaihanga whāngai, inā koa i ngā marama raumati ina neke ake te pāmahana o te taiao i te 45°C. Ko Al-Riyadh Feed Industries (ingoa huna i runga i te tono a te kiritaki), tētahi o ngā kaihanga parai whakauru e rima o te Kīngitanga me te whakaputanga whāngai matū ā-tau neke atu i te 280,000 tana mita, i pāngia e tētahi arai nui o te whakaputanga: i heke tonu te roa o te pereti i te wā wera o Mei ki Hepetema, ka heke ki te 91-92% PDI (Pellet Durability Index) ki te paerewa ā-roto o te kamupene o ≥96%.
I waenganui o te tau 2024, i whakahoutia e te kamupene ētahi o ana raina mira pirepire matua e rua me ngā huihuinga mate mowhiti raupapa-Hongyang HYPM me ngā anga roera ōrite. I roto i ngā rā 90 tuatahi o te mahi tae noa ki te raumati tino raumati, i tutuki i ngā raina he PDI pumau o te 98.2% (±0.5), i whakakorea ngā mahi kōkō i puta mai i te wera, ā, i whakaitihia te auau whakakapinga mate mowhiti mā te 35% pea ki te whakataurite ki ngā mate i whakamahia i mua i ahu mai i Ūropi. Ka tirohia e tēnei rangahau take ngā wero hangarau o te pirepire pāmahana-tiketike, te urupare hangarau a Hongyang, me ngā hua ka taea te ine i whiwhi.
Papamuri Ahumahi me te Kiritaki
Kei raro a Saudi Arabia i tētahi o ngā taiao tino uaua te pāmahana o te ao mō te whakaputa kararehe kaha. I rīpoata te Mana Whakahaere Matua mō ngā Tatauranga, i whakaputa te kawanatanga o Riyadh anake i te 359,700 tana o te mīti parai i te tau 2024, ā, i muri mai ko Hail (295,000 tana) me Qassim (200,000 tana). Ko te whāngai te 60-70% o ngā utu whakaputa parai katoa, ā, ko te kounga o te pellet te mea nui o te ōhanga.
E toru ngā mira whāngai a Al-Riyadh Feed Industries kei te rohe pokapū e whāngai ana i ngā pāmu heihei kua kirimanahia e 42. Ko tā rātou whakatakotoranga matua mō te whakaoti heihei he turanga paraoa kānga-pīni soya me te diameter pellet 3.0 mm, e whai ana kia iti iho i te 88°C te pāmahana pellet kua oti i te putanga matao. I mua i te whakahoutanga o Hongyang, i raru te kamupene i tētahi tauira ā-wā: i te pikinga o te pāmahana taiao i tua atu i te 38°C (i te nuinga o te wā i te tīmatanga o Mei), ka rerekē haere ngā kawenga motuka mira pellet, ka piki ake ngā pāmahana o te mata o te mate ki runga ake i te 95°C, ā, ka heke te PDI pellet kua oti i raro i te paepae 96% e hiahiatia ana hei pupuri i ngā reiti para kai e whakaaetia ana i te taumata pāmu.
I taea te ine i te pānga ōhanga. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga ahumahi mai i te International Poultry Research Institute ko ia hekenga 1% o te PDI e pā ana ki te pikinga tata ki te 0.4-0.6% o te moumou kai i roto i ngā pūnaha whāngai paraharaha — arā, tata ki te 1,100-1,700 tāne atu o te kai e ngaro ana i ia tau i te tauine o Al-Riyadh ina heke te PDI i ia wā.
Te Wero: Te Wera Nui me te Hinga o te Kounga o te Pellet
Ka whakahaerehia te mahi whakapūkara whāngai heihei i roto i tētahi matapihi whaiti o te pāmahana whakapūkara. Ko te pāmahana tino pai mō te whakapūkara i waenga i te 75-90°C, ā, ko te pāmahana putanga o te mate he pai ki te pupuri ki te 80-90°C. I runga ake i te 95°C, ka tere haere te pakaru wera o ngā huaora kore e wera (A, D, E, K) me ngā waikawa amino hangai (lysine, methionine). I te wā kotahi, ka tīmata te tauhohenga Maillard i waenga i ngā huka whakaiti me ngā waikawa amino kore utu ki te here i te lysine ki roto i ngā matatini kore e taea te nakunaku, ka whakaitihia te kiato matūkai e wātea ana (Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 2019).
I ngā mira o Al-Riyadh, e toru ngā momo rahunga i puta mai i te wera o te raumati:
1. Te korenga o te kaha whakamatao: Nā te hau e tomo mai ana i te 45°C i whakaiti i te pikinga wera o te whakamatao rere whakamuri, ā, ka kore e eke ngā pire ki te pāmahana tukunga whainga o te 5°C i runga ake i te pāmahana taiao. Ko ngā pire e puta ana i te wera rawa ka pupuri i te makuku toenga, ā, ka whakangawari i te wā e rongoa ana.
2. Te rere wera o te mira: I te pāmahana taiao e 45°C tonu, kua hipa ake te kaha o te mira pellet ki te tuku wera. I piki ake te pāmahana o te mata o te mira ki tua atu i te 95°C i roto i ngā meneti 45 tuatahi o te mahi tonu, ā, ka puta he whakaweto aunoa i te raka haumaru PLC o te mira.
3. Te paheke o te anga roera: Nā te pāmahana teitei i whakaiti te tauwehenga waku whai hua i waenga i te mata o te anga roera me te papatipu kua whakatikatikaina, ka puta te paheke o te roera, te tohatoha koretake o ngā rauemi puta noa i te mata o te mate, me ngā tauira kakahu o te mate ā-rohe.
Ko te hua kupenga: i heke te PDI pellet ki te 91.2% (i inehia mā te tikanga takahuri ASAE S269.4), i piki ake te moumou kai i ngā pāmu mā te 2.8% pea, ā, i akiakihia te tipu ki te whakaiti i te hua mā te 15-20% i ngā hāora wera rawa kia kore ai e kati. Ko te roa o te mahi o te mowhiti mate - kua taumaha kētia e te nui o te silica i roto i te kānga o te rohe - i heke iho i te toharite 3,500 hāora mahi i te takurua ki te 2,200-2,500 hāora i te raumati.
Hongyang Solution
Whai muri i tētahi arotake hangarau i whakahaerehia ngātahi me te tīma hangarau tono a Hongyang, i whakatinanahia he whakahoutanga wāhanga-toru puta noa i ngā raina mira pirepire e rua:
1. Mowhiti Mate Tika me te Tauwehenga Kōpeketanga Arotau
I tohua e Hongyang he mowhiti mate 3.0 mm te whānui me te ōwehenga kōpeketanga o te 1:12.5 — i whakatikatikaina mō te whakatakotoranga whakaoti parai motuhake a te kiritaki (turanga paraoa kānga-pīni soya me te 3.2% ngako tāpiri me te 14.5% makuku whai muri i te whakamakuku). Ko te rauemi mate he maitai kore waikura martensitic X46Cr13 (DIN 1.4034 / Hainamana 4Cr13), i tukatukahia mā te whakapakeke korehau i te 1,050-1,080°C, ā, i muri mai ka whakapakeke rua i te 220-240°C kia tutuki ai te pakeketanga mata ōrite o te HRC 52-54 puta noa i te ara mate katoa.
He mea nui, nā te hangarau poka mate pū-wiri a Hongyang — mā te whakamahi i te keri hohonu-poka CNC me te ātete tūnga ±0.02 mm — i puta ai te ōritetanga o te diameter o te poka-ki-poka i inehia i te rerekētanga ≤15 μm. Mā tēnei taumata o te tika ka whakaitihia te ātete rere rerekē puta noa i te mata o te mate, he taurangi matua ki te pupuri i te kiato o te pirepire i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana rerekē. I whakaotihia ia tomokanga poka mate ki te anga mata-whakauru whakarara i te 60° hei whakaiti i te ātete urunga rauemi, ka whakaitihia te whakapaunga pūngao motuhake (kWh/tana) e hiahiatia ana hei tīmata i te hanganga pirepire.
2. Huinga Anga Roera Taurite me te Whirihoranga Peera Mahana-Tiketike
I tukuna mai e Hongyang tētahi huinga anga roera ōrite i hangaia mai i te maitai koranu 20CrMnTi me te hohonutanga o te pouaka waro o te 2.0-2.2 mm me te pakeketanga o te mata o te HRC 60-62. I hangaia te tauira kōpikopiko me te piko awaawa 1.2 mm me te hohonutanga awaawa 0.8 mm, i arotauhia kia nui ake te hopu rauemi i roto i te parāoa parai iti-waku, ngako-nui.
I whakauruhia ki te huihuinga roera ngā peera roera porowhita hiri-mahana teitei (he rite ki te karaehe SKF Explorer, kua whakatauria ki te pāmahana whakahaere tonu 120°C), hei whakakapi i ngā peera paerewa i whakaatu i te pakaru hinu me te pakaru wawe i te wā o te whakaputanga raumati. Nā te hiri maha-wāhanga momo-labyrinth me ngā huānga ngutu PTFE i ārai i te urunga mai o ngā mea paitini, he ara pakaru noa ina uru mai ngā matūriki wera, maroke ki roto i ngā whare peera.
3. Kawa Whakatikatika Āputa Roera-Mate
I whakatūria e te tīma hangarau a Hongyang he āputa hurihuri-mati he 0.40 mm (±0.05 mm), i inehia te makariri ki te ine ine i ngā pūwāhi e ono e rite ana te tawhiti huri noa i te porowhita o te mati. Mā tēnei whakatakotoranga āputa kiato ake i te paerewa ka whakatikatikahia te whānui o te wera i te pāmahana whakahaere: i te pāmahana mata o te mati 85°C, ka whānui te mati X46Cr13 ki te taha porowhita tata ki te 0.08-0.12 mm (te tauwehenga o te whānui wera ≈10.5 × 10⁻⁶/K), ka kati pai i te āputa makariri ki te tata ki te pai rawa atu 0.28-0.35 mm i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere. Mā tēnei huarahi whakatikatika-mua ka ārai i te whānui rawa o te āputa i te wā o te raumati, ka whakaitihia te kaha pēhi i runga i te mash ka whakaiti i te mātotoru o te pellet.
Ngā Raraunga Whakaputa me ngā Hua
I kohia ngā raraunga mahi mō tētahi wā aromatawai 90-rā (Hune-Ākuhata 2025, te raumati tino pai) puta noa i ngā raina whakahou e rua, ā, ko te mahi o te raumati o mua (Hune-Ākuhata 2024) te tūāpapa.
| Tawhā | Tūāpapa (Raumati 2024) | Whakahoutanga o Hongyang (Raumati 2025) | Whakapai |
| Te PDI Toharite (ASAE S269.4) | 91.2% | 98.2% (±0.5%) | +7.0 ōrau |
| Te pāmahana mata o te mate (tūturu) | 94-98°C | 85-89°C | -9°C toharite |
| Te pāmahana tukunga pirepire (i muri i te whakamatao) | 36-40°C | 29-33°C | -7°C toharite |
| Ngā whakaweto aunoa i puta mai i te wera (ia marama) | 8-12 ngā huihuinga | 0 ngā huihuinga | 100% te whakakorenga |
| Te whakaiti i te kaha o te mahi i te wā tino wera (ki te takurua) | -18% | -3% | Te whakaora 15 ōrau |
| Te roanga o te mahi a te mowhiti mate (whakatau tata, matapaetia) | 2,200-2,500 hāora | 3,400-3,800 hāora (matapaetia) | +52% matapaetia |
| Te whakapaunga pūngao motuhake (kWh/tēne) | 18.7 | 17.2 | -8% |
| Te moumou whāngai i te taumata pāmu (% o te whāngai i tukuna) | 4.8% | 1.9% | Te whakahekenga -60% |
| Ngā utu whiu i te tukunga pāmu ((<2 mm te tātari) | 8.5% | 1.7% | -80% te whakaiti |
Ko te whakapainga whakahaere tino nui ko te whakakorenga katoa o ngā kati aunoa i puta mai i te wera. I te raumati o te tau 2024, i hiahiatia he 25-35 meneti te wā whakamutu mō ia mahi kati - tae atu ki te horoi i ngā mate, te tīmata anō, me te horoi rauemi - ā, i puta ai he 15-20 hāora te ngaronga o te wā whakaputa ia marama. I te korenga o ngā mahi kati i tuhia i te wā aromatawai o te tau 2025, i piki ake te wā whakaputa kupenga e wātea ana mā te 8%.
Nā te whakapainga o te roa o te mahi a te pellet i hua mai ai ngā painga ōhanga i tua atu i ngā tumanakohanga. Ko te whakahekenga o te nui o ngā whiu i te tukunga pāmu mai i te 8.5% ki te 1.7% i puta tika mai ai te whakaiti i te moumou whāngai i roto i ngā pūnaha whāngai aunoa. I te tauine whakaputa a te kiritaki o te 280,000 tana ia tau, ko tēnei whakahekenga 60% o te moumou taumata pāmu e tohu ana i te 8,100 tana o te whāngai i penapenahia i ia tau - he rite ki te $2.8 miriona i ngā utu whāngai ā-rohe (Pūrongo USDA GAIN, 2024 Saudi feed cost benchmark).
Aromatawai Kiritaki
I te wā o te arotakenga whai muri i te aromatawai, i whakaratohia e te kaiwhakahaere whakaputa tipu te aromatawai e whai ake nei:
I eke te mahi a te mowhiti mate me te huihuinga roera o Hongyang ki tua atu i ā mātou whakaritenga hangarau. Ko tā mātou āwangawanga matua i te tīmatanga o te raumati ko te mea ka taea e tetahi mowhiti mate — ahakoa nō hea — te pupuri i te kounga o te pirepire i te wā e neke ake ana te pāmahana o te hau taiao e tomo ana ki te pouaka whakamātao i te 45°C. Ko te 98.2% PDI i tutuki i a mātou i neke atu i tā mātou whāinga raumati o te 96% engari i rite, i neke atu rānei i tā mātou turanga hotoke. Ko te whakakorenga o ngā kati mahi e pā ana ki te mate anake i whakamana i te haumitanga. Ko te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao motuhake he painga ohorere.
— Kaiwhakahaere Whakaputa, Al-Riyadh Feed Industries (Mira Rohe Waenga)
I tua atu, i kī te kaiwhakahaere hoko a te kamupene he tata ki te 35% te iti iho o te utu mō ngā mati mowhiti a Hongyang i tērā i whakamahia i mua e te kaiwhakarato Pākehā, ā, i te mea he rite tonu, he pai ake rānei te roa o te ora ratonga i raro i ngā āhuatanga raumati o Saudi Arabia. Ko te pānga ngātahi — he roa ake te ora o ngā mati, he iti ake te utu hoko, he iti ake te kai pūngao, me te kounga pai ake o ngā pellet — i hua ake he hokinga mai i runga i te haumi i roto i te 7.5 marama.
Whakamutunga
E whakaatu ana te take Al-Riyadh ka taea e te hangarau mowhiti mati i hangaia kia tino tika mai i Hongyang te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga nui o te hanga whāngai heihei i te pāmahana teitei i te rohe o te Moana-a-Kiwa. E toru ngā āhuatanga hangarau i whai wāhi ki te putanga:
1. Te whakatinanatanga o te pūtaiao rauemi: Ko te koranu X46Cr13 kua whakapakeketia ki te korehau i te HRC 52-54 me te ōritetanga o te kōhao i keria e te pū CNC e tohu ana i te kounga teitei e taea ana mō ngā mowhiti whāngai parai i ngā taumata hangarau whakarewa o nāianei.
2. Te whakatikatika i ngā āputa e mōhio ana ki te wera: Ko te whakatikatika i mua i te āputa matao-roera mō te whakawhānui wera i te pāmahana whakahaere he mahi iti te utu, he nui te pānga e tika ana kia whakamahia e ngā mira whāngai i ngā āhuarangi wera hei tikanga whakahaere paerewa.
3. Whakaurunga pūnaha ōrite: I hangaia te mati mowhiti, te anga roera, me te whirihoranga peera hei pūnaha whakahaere wera kotahi, kaua hei wāhanga motuhake — he huarahi e wehewehe ana i ngā otinga i hangaia e te tono mai i te tuku mati taonga.
Mō ngā kaihanga whāngai e mahi ana i te Middle East, i te North Africa, me ētahi atu rohe pāmahana teitei, ko ngā hua o Al-Riyadh he paearu tohutoro: 98.2% PDI me te kore whakaweto i puta mai i te wera ka taea te whakatutuki i te tauine arumoni me te hangarau mowhiti mate kua tohua tika.
Ngā Pūtake Raraunga: GASTAT Livestock Statistics 2024; IMARC Group Saudi Arabia Compound Feed Market Report 2024; USDA GAIN Report SA2024-0002; Journal of Applied Poultry Research (2019) Vol. 28, Putanga 4; ASAE Standard S269.4; Ngā raraunga hangarau tono ā-roto o Hongyang, wā aromatawai o Hune-Akuhata 2025.
Wā tuku: Mei-30-2026
