Whakarāpopototanga Whakahaere Kua whānui haere te hanganga o te rāngai miraka o Airana mai i te whakakorenga o te rohenga miraka a te EU i te tau 2015, me te pikinga o te whakaputanga miraka ā-tau mai i te 5.6 piriona rita ki te neke atu i te 8.5 piriona rita i te tau 2024, e ai ki a Teagasc. Ko te kahui kau miraka ā-motu he 1,481,300 upoko i te Hakihea 2024 (CSO Livestock Survey), e tautoko ana i te umanga whāngai matū ko ōna mema - e tohuhia ana e te Irish Grain and Feed Association (IGFA) - e whakaputa ana i te tata ki te 4.3 miriona tana o te whāngai kararehe ia tau. Ko ngā kai miraka, e tino whakawhirinaki ana ki te tarutaru tarutaru hei kai matua, koia te wāhanga whāngai nui rawa atu i roto i tēnei putanga. I roto i tētahi mira whāngai whānau i te County Cork, e tuku ana i ngā miraka miraka kua whakapūpūtia ki te 60 pāmu tata ki roto i te radius 100-kiromita, i tūtaki ki tētahi ngoikoretanga kounga tonu i muri i te whakapūpūtanga: i puta mai ngā kai miraka i ahu mai i te tarutaru mai i te pouaka whakamatao whitiki whakapae o nāianei i ngā taumata makuku o te 13.8% ki te 15.5% – i runga ake i te paepae 13.5% e hiahiatia ana mō te rokiroki nui haumaru i raro i te āhuarangi moana haumākū teitei o Airana. I te wā raumati o te tau 2024, i tuhia e te mira he 17 ngā whakakorenga motuhake a te kiritaki e pā ana ki te whanaketanga o te harore i roto i ngā pire kua rongoatia, e tohu ana i te 280 tāne mita o te hua kua whakahokia. I te marama o Hānuere 2025, i whakakapia e te mira tana pouaka whakamatao whitiki whakapae tawhito ki te pouaka whakamatao rere-whakamuri Hongyang SKLN 25脳25. Tekau mā rua marama o ngā rekoata whakaputa i muri i te tāutanga e whakaatu ana i te makuku whakamutunga o te pire i te 12.8% ki te 13.2%, i heke ngā whakakorenga e pā ana ki te harore ki te kore, ā, i heke te whakamahinga pūngao whakamatao mā te 22%. E whakaatu ana tēnei tuhinga i te horopaki hangarau, ngā take mō te whiriwhiri taputapu, me ngā putanga mahi kua manatokohia. 1. Kei te whakahaerehia e Airana Dairy Feed Landscape tētahi o ngā pūnaha miraka kau e ahu mai ana i te tarutaru tarutaru tino whai hua o te ao. E ai ki a Teagasc, ko te pāmu miraka kau toharite o Airana e whāngai ana i ngā kau i runga i te tarutaru tarutaru rai mō ngā rā 240 ki te 280 ia tau, me te whāngai hotoke i roto i te whare mai i Noema ki Pēpuere. I roto i te wā whare, ko te tarutaru maroke - i hauhaketia i te 20-5% o te mea maroke mai i Mei ki Hepetema - koia te kai matua, me te tāpiri atu ki ngā kukū i roto i te pellet i te tere o te 4-kg ia kau ia rā i runga i te wāhanga whāngai me ngā whāinga hua miraka. He rerekē ngā hanganga whāngai miraka i Airana i ngā momo rite o Amerika Te Raki me Ūropi i roto i ō rātou rauemi mata. Ko te parei te nuinga o te wā e 30-0% o te kai, ā, e tāpirihia ana e ngā hua taha o te kānga (ngā witi whakakoi, te whāngai kānga kuruteni), te paraoa pīni soya, me te penupenu pīti – ko tēnei he kai hygroscopic e mimiti kaha ana i te makuku o te hau i muri i te tukatuka. Ko ēnei hanganga, ina whakakoihia mā roto i te mira pellet mowhiti mate paerewa i te 75-5-C, ka puta mai i te mīhini perehi i te makuku tata ki te 15-7%, ā, me whakamatao kia tae ki te paepae haumaru-rokiroki o te 13.5%, iti iho rānei. Kei te whakahaerehia te umanga whāngai matū o Airana i raro i ngā ture akuaku whāngai a te Tari Ahuwhenua, Kai me te Moana e whakamana ana i te Ture EU 183/2005, e hiahia ana kia iti iho te makuku i te 14% mō ngā whāngai matū e whakaarohia ana kia rongoatia neke atu i te rua wiki. Ko ngā āhuatanga taiao o Airana – me te haumākū toharite o ia marama neke atu i te 80% mai i Hepetema ki Maehe – ka waiho te tutuki i tēnei paerewa hei wero hangarau tūturu, kaua hei taahiraa tukatuka noa. 2. Te Raru Whakahaere Ko te mira whāngai Cork, i whakatūria i te tau 1985, ā, e whakahaerehia ana ināianei e ngā tama tokorua a te kaiwhakaū, e whakahaere ana i tētahi raina whakaputa pirepire kotahi me te kaha kua whakatauhia he 8 tana mita ia hāora. E tukatukahia ana e te raina e rima ngā hanganga miraka matua, me ngā kai taurite tarutaru - he ranunga parei-nui me te penupenu pīti me ngā mīhini whakaputa kānga - e tata ana ki te 55% o te putanga ā-tau. I te tau 2023 me te 2024, i tuhia e ngā rātaka whakahaere kounga o te mira e toru ngā raruraru wāhanga whakamatao e hono ana: Te Koretake o te Makuku. Ko te pouaka whakamatao whitiki whakapae o nāianei, i tukuna i te tau 2010 me te whakatauranga i te 10 TPH, i whakaputa pirepire me ngā taumata makuku whakamutunga mai i te 13.8% ki te 15.5% puta noa i ngā puranga whakaputa. I whaihia te rerekētanga ki te tohatoha hau koretake puta noa i te whānui o te whitiki me te uaua o te pupuri i te hohonu o te moenga pirepire i runga i ngā pouaka whakamatao whitiki whakapae - he herenga kua tuhia o tēnei āhua whakamatao. Ko ngā pirepire e puta ana i te pito o runga o tēnei awhe i neke atu i te paepae ture 14% mō te rokiroki roa. Ngā pakarutanga o te harore ā-wā. I waenganui i a Hune me Hepetema 2024, i tuhia e te mira he 17 ngā aituā whakakorenga a te kiritaki motuhake nā te whanaketanga o te harore i roto i ngā pirepire kua rongoatia. I whakaūhia e te tātari taiwhanga i tētahi taiwhanga whakamātautau whāngai motuhake i Cork ngā momo Aspergillus me Penicillium i roto i ngā tauira kua pāngia. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau kua whakaputaina mō te koiora rokiroki whāngai ka pihi ngā momo Aspergillus i te ngohe wai (aw) i runga ake i te 0.75-0.80, e rite ana ki te 13.6% te makuku i te 25°C. I roto i ngā ipu whāngai pāmu kāore i whakamahanahia o Airana, kei reira ngā pāmahana taiao i ngā marama raumati mai i te 14-0°C me te haumākū whanaunga neke atu i te 80%, ko ngā pirepire me te makuku i muri i te whakamatao i runga ake i te 14% ka whakarato i tētahi tūāpapa ora mō te tipu harore i roto i ngā rā 10-4 o te rokiroki. Ko te 280 tāne mita o te hua i whakahokia mai he mate arumoni tika neke atu i te EUR 85,000 – kāore i te whakaurua te utu ā-ringa kore o ngā whanaungatanga kiritaki kua pakaru me te whakararuraru whakahaere o te tukatuka anō i ngā rauemi i whakahokia mai. Te Kore Whai Hua o te Pūngao. Ko ngā pā hau rua 15 kW o te whakamatao whitiki whakapae e pau ana i te 28 kWh mō ia tāne mita o ngā pireti kua whakamataohia – tata ki te 35% i runga ake i te paearu mō te whakamatao rere-whakamuri hou o ngā pireti miraka 6.0 mm. Ko te kukume pūngao teitei i whakaata i te ara hau roa me te āhua rere-whakarara o ngā hoahoa whitiki whakapae, i reira ka maha ngā haerenga o te hau whakamatao i roto i ngā pireti i ngā āhua wera rerekē kaua ki te haerenga kotahi-whakamuri. 3. Otinga: Hongyang SKLN Counterflow Cooler Whai muri i te aromatawai i ngā tono mai i ngā kaihanga taputapu Pākehā e toru me te kaiwhakarato Āhia kotahi, i whiriwhiria e te mira te Hongyang SKLN 25脳25 counterflow cooler. E toru ngā āhuatanga i akiaki i te whakatau: te ōritetanga makuku kua whakamātauhia o te āhua rere whakamuri, te hiahia o Hongyang ki te whirihora i ngā whakatakotoranga whatunga ki ngā rahinga pire miraka 6.0 mm a te kiritaki, me te utu whakapaipai tata ki te 35% i raro iho i ngā waeine rere whakamuri rite i hangaia i Ūropi. Ngā tawhā hangarau matua o te tāutanga: Tawhā: Whakatakotoranga Tauira: Hongyang SKLN 25 25 Kaha Whakatauranga: 10 ⅓2 TPH (ngā pire miraka 6.0 mm) Rūma Whakamatao: 2,500 ⅓2,500 mm Teitei o te Moenga Pereti: 800 ⅓, 200 mm (ka taea te whakarite) Tikanga Tukunga: Tukunga hurihuri tere-rerekē me te pūoko taumata moenga mamati Pā Matua: 22 kW tohanga, VFD-whakahaerehia Rōrahi Hau: 24,000 ⅓8,000 m³/h Matapihi Tohatoha Hau: Kowiri tira kua pokaia, whānui kōhao 3 mm, 35% wāhi tuwhera Hanganga: Tinana maitai piauau, mata pa-hua kowiri tira Wā Pupuri: 8 ⅓2 meneti Mahana Putanga Whāinga: Āhua + 3 ⅓C Mā te mātāpono whakamatao rere-whakamuri ka whakaratohia he maimoatanga wera ōrite ake i ngā hoahoa whitiki whakapae. Ko ngā pire wera e tomo ana ki te tihi o te pou (75-5°C) ka heke iho i roto i te pou hau taiao e piki ake ana. Ko te hau mahana rawa, tino makuku rawa ka puta i te tihi, i te mea ka pa atu te hau mātao, maroke rawa ki ngā pire i a rātou e whakatata atu ana ki te tukunga i te turanga. I te wā e puta ai ngā pire, kua taurite rātou ki te rerenga hau taiao e haere mai ana, ka puta he pāmahana putanga i roto i te 3°C o te taiao - kāore e taea e ngā whakamatao whitiki whakapae te tuku pono. Ko te whakatakotoranga hangarau a Hongyang mō te diameter kōhao 3 mm i runga i te whatunga tohatoha hau - i tīpakohia i muri i te arotake i ngā rahinga pire 6.0 mm a te kiritaki - ka ārai i te aukati i te kongakonga pire me te pupuri i te tere o te hau kia pai ai te whakawhiti wera me te makuku. Ko te tukunga hurihuri tere-rerekē me te pūoko taumata moenga mamati e pupuri ana i te teitei o te moenga pire i roto i te 50 mm o te tautuhinga, ka whakakore i ngā ara rere pai e puta ai te whakamatao kore taurite. 4. Ngā Hua: Te Rekoata Whakaputa Tekau mā Rua Marama I tāutahia te pouaka whakamatao SKLN i te wā o te kati mahi e ono rā te roa i te marama o Hānuere 2025, kia uru ki roto i te papa o nāianei me te kore he whakarerekētanga o te turanga. I noho te miihini tono a Hongyang ki te papa mō ngā rā e toru ki te whakarite i te teitei o te moenga, te tere o te hau, me te tere tukunga mō ia o ngā hanganga miraka e rima o te mira. Tekau mā rua marama o ngā raraunga whakaputa whakatairite (i muri i te tāutanga me te tau i mua): Ine: I mua (Whitiki Whakapae): I muri (Hongyang SKLN): Huringa Makuku Pellet Whakamutunga: 13.8 ki te 5.5%: 12.8 ki te 3.2%: Kua whakaitihia te rerekētanga 75% Mahana Putanga (i runga ake i te taiao): 8 ki te 4°C: 3 ki te 4°C: I roto i te whāinga Ngā Whakakorenga e pā ana ki te Pokepokea: 17 (280 MT): 0: Pūngao Whakamatao Kua Whakakorea (kWh/MT): 28: 22: 1.4% Ngā Amuamu a te Kaihoko: 23: 2: 1% Ko te whakakorenga o ngā whakakorenga pokepokea anake he penapena ā-tau neke atu i te EUR 84,000 – e kapi ana i te utu hoko o te pouaka whakamatao i roto i te tau tuatahi o te mahi. Nā te whakahekenga pūngao 21.4% i tāpiri atu he EUR 5,200 ki ngā penapena hiko ā-tau i ngā utu hiko arumoni o Airana i te tau 2025. I whakarāpopoto te kaiwhakahaere whakaputa o te mira i te rerekētanga whakahaere: "Mā te pouaka whakamatao whakapae tawhito, i whakatikatika tonu mātou i te tere o te hau me te hohonu o te moenga e ngana ana ki te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga makuku - ā, he kino tonu ā mātou puranga. Ka rere te SKLN me te kore wawaotanga ina whakatakotoria ngā tawhā. Ka tirohia e ngā kaiwhakahaere ia rua hāora, ā, kei te wāhi e tika ana kia noho tonu ngā tau." 5. Pānga ki raro E toru ngā kaihoko miraka kau i whakahoki mai i te whāngai i pāngia e te pokepokea ai i mua i whakarato urupare motuhake i roto i ngā marama e ono i muri i te tāutanga: I ripoatahia e te kahui kau 280-tata ki Mallow, i whakahoki mai i te 22 tana mita o ngā pirepire i pāngia e te pokepokea ai i te marama o Ākuhata 2024, kāore he aituā kounga anō, ā, i whakaū ko ngā pirepire i rongoatia mō te ono wiki i roto i ngā ipu pāmu kua hipokina kāore i te wera, i te poke rānei e kitea ana. I tētahi pāmu kau 350 e tata ana ki Fermoy, i nekehia ki ngā tuku pire iti ake, auau ake hei karo i ngā wā rokiroki roa, i tīmata anō te tono nui – te whakaiti i te auau tuku mai i te wiki ki te rua wiki, me te penapena tata ki te EUR 1,400 ia tau i roto i ngā utu kawe. I kitea e tētahi pāmu kau 180 e tata ana ki Midleton ko te whakaiti i te kohikohinga o ngā whiu i roto i ngā pūnaha whāngai i waho o te whare tiaki i whakaiti i te wā horoi whāngai o ia rā mā te 15 meneti pea, he penapena iti engari he mea nui i te wā hotoke i te wā e piki haere ana te tono mahi. 6. Whakamutunga E whakaatu ana te wheako o te mira whāngai o Cork ko te whakamatao i muri i te pire – e kiia ana he taahiraa tukatuka tuarua – ka taea te noho hei pūwāhi whakahaere nui e whakatau ana mēnā he pai te hua whāngai mō te hokohoko. I roto i te āhuarangi moana haumākū teitei o Airana, i te wā e rongoatia ana ngā kai miraka i ahu mai i te tarutaru silage kei roto ngā kai hygroscopic i roto i ngā ipu pāmu kāore i whakamahanahia i roto i ngā marama hotoke, ko te ōritetanga makuku pire whakamutunga i te 13.5%, i raro iho rānei, he mea nui mō te hokohoko, ehara i te whāinga wawata. Nā te whakamatao rere-whakamuri SKLN a Hongyang i tuku tēnei āhua ōrite mā roto i ngā painga ā-tinana o te āhua rere-whakamuri – te pa o te hau-ki-te-paraoa, te taurite wera e taea te matapae i te tukunga, me te rere o te hau e whakahaerehia ana e te VFD – me te hangarau whatunga motuhake-tono. Ko te hua: kāore he whakakorenga pokepokea puta noa i te wā mahi tekau mā rua marama katoa, he whakahekenga 21% i roto i te whakamahinga pūngao whakamatao, me te whakahokinga mai o te whakapono o te kiritaki ki te kounga hua. Mō ngā mira whāngai e mahi ana i ngā rohe haumākū teitei – Airana, te United Kingdom, te takutai moana o Scandinavia, Brittany, me ngā rohe āhuarangi moana rite – te tukatuka rānei i ngā hanganga hygroscopic kei roto te penupenu pīti, te molasses, me ngā witi whakatō makuku, ka whakaratohia e tēnei whakatinanatanga he tohutoro mahi mō te aromatawai i te whakamatao rere-whakamuri hei huarahi kē atu ki ngā pūnaha whitiki whakapae tawhito. E tohu ana ngā raraunga ka taea te whakahoki moni whakapaipai mā te whakakorenga hua kua whakakahoretia anake i roto i ngā marama 12, me te penapena pūngao me te pupuri kiritaki e whakarato ana i ngā hokinga pumau i tua atu i te wā haumi tuatahi.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-13-2026
