Whakarāpopototanga Whakahaere
He tohu motuhake kei te umanga miraka o Iharaira, kāore e taea te whakataurite i tētahi atu wāhi o te ao: ko te hua miraka toharite teitei rawa atu mō ia kau i te ao. I te 12,125 kirokaramu mō ia kau i te tau i te tau 2024, he nui ake te pai o ngā kau Holstein o Iharaira i ngā kau i Denmark (10,777 kg), Estonia (11,350 kg), me te United States, e ai ki te Tari Tatauranga Matua o Iharaira. Kei muri i tēnei hua whakamiharo kei reira he hanganga hanga whāngai matatau e kore e taea te whiriwhiri i te kounga o te pire.
E arotake ana tēnei rangahau take i te āhua o te whakatutukitanga o tētahi kaihanga whāngai miraka o Iharaira, e whakahaere ana i tētahi mira i te rohe o te Awa o Jezreel ki te tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Haifa, e tuku ana i ngā pire miraka TMR ki ngā mahi miraka neke atu i te 40 kibbutz me moshav, i te roa o te mau o ngā pire, te whakaiti i ngā whiu, me te whakapai ake i te nui o te whakaputanga i muri i te tāutanga o tētahi mira pire Hongyang HYPM-420. E 8,000 tāne o ngā pire miraka ia marama te hua o te mira, e mahi ana ki ngā kahui e whakaputa katoa ana i te neke atu i te 100 miriona rita miraka ia tau.
Papamuri: Te Wero Whāngai Miraka o Iharaira
Kei raro i ngā herenga te mahi a te rāngai miraka o Iharaira, ā, ko te kounga o te whāngai te mea nui rawa atu. I te mutunga o te tau 2024, e 620 ngā pāmu miraka o te whenua e whakahaere ana i te 138,000 ngā kau miraka, ā, e 2.5 miriona rita te toharite o te pāmu e whakaputa ana i ia tau. He rerekē ki ngā mahi miraka nui i te United States, i Aotearoa rānei, he iti noa te rahi o ngā pāmu o Iharaira engari he tino kaha te whakahaere. Ko te whai huatanga o te hurihanga whāngai, te whakaiti i te ahotea wera, me te tika o te ranu whakauru katoa (TMR) ngā mea nui ki tā rātou mahi ārahi o te ao. Ko te uara katoa o te whakaputanga miraka i Iharaira i tata ki te 3.9 piriona hekere i te tau 2024, e 9.6% pea o te putanga ahuwhenua.
He maha ngā āhuatanga e hono ana hei whakatau i te hiranga o te kounga o te pire i roto i te horopaki o Iharaira.
Te whakawhirinaki ki ngā witi whāngai mai i tāwāhi. Ko te nuinga o ngā witi whāngai a Iharaira e kawemai ana, ko te nuinga ko te kānga, te paraoa pīni soya, me te witi, ā, ka pāngia ngā utu o ngā rauemi mata e ngā piki me ngā heke o te utu o te ao me ngā raruraru o te mekameka tuku. Ko te pakanga tonu i waenganui i a Rūhia me Ukraine me ngā raruraru o ngā kaipuke ā-rohe i roto i te Moana Whero kua whakanui ake i tēnei ngoikoretanga. Ko ia ōrau o te whai huatanga o te whāngai i whiwhihia mā te kounga pai o ngā pirepire ka puta tika ki te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā kawemai me te whakapai ake i ngā tawhē mō ngā kaihanga miraka.
Te pēhanga o te ahotea wera. Ko te pāmahana raumati i ngā mania takutai moana me ngā awaawa o uta o Iharaira ka neke ake i te 35°C, ka nui te ahotea wera ki ngā kau miraka. Kua whakaatuhia e te rangahau mai i te Volcani Center Agricultural Research Organization o Iharaira ka whakaitihia e ngā kau e ahotea ana te wera te kai o ngā mea maroke mā te 10 ki te 20 ōrau, me te hekenga o te hua miraka. Kua kite te Manatū Ahuwhenua o Iharaira me haumi tonu ki ngā pūnaha whakamatao me ngā mahi whakahaere mō te mahana o te ao kia mau tonu ai te whakaputanga miraka. Ko ngā whāngai pelleted, me te nui ake o te matotoru me te iti o te puehu, ka akiaki i te kai pumau ahakoa i raro i te ahotea wera, engari mena ka mau tonu te kounga o te pellet i raro i ngā āhuatanga rokiroki me te kawe ka eke ki te 40°C i roto i ngā rua whāngai kāore i te marumaru.
Ngā whakaritenga ōritetanga TMR. Ka titohia e ngā tohunga kai miraka o Iharaira ngā kai TMR tika hei whakataurite i te pūngao, te pūmua, te muka, me ngā matūkai iti me te tino tika, he mea nui ina whai ana kia neke atu i te 50 rita te hua miraka mō ia kau i te rā i te wā e tino whāngai ana. Ka pā tika te pakeke me te roa o te wā ki te whanonga o ngā wāra i roto i ngā mīhini whakaranu TMR, te pakeketanga o ngā wāra ngohengohe. Ka pakaru ngā wāra ngohengohe hei mea angiangi ka wehea i roto i te mīhini whakaranu, ā, ka karohia e ngā kau, ka puta he kore taurite o te kai. Ka mau tonu te kounga o ngā wāra pakeke, roa mā te whakaranu me te tuku, me te whakarite kei roto i ia waha te kōtaha matūkai kua whakaritea.
Te ia o te whakakotahitanga ahumahi. Mai i te tau 2015 ki te tau 2024, kua piki ake te whakaputanga toharite mō ia pāmu miraka kau o Iharaira mā te 26 ōrau, mai i te 1.713 miriona rita ki te 2.516 miriona rita, ā, kua heke te maha o ngā pāmu mai i te 634 ki te 620. Ko te tikanga o tēnei whakakotahitanga he iti ake ngā kiritaki engari he nui ake ngā kiritaki e mahi ana ia mira whāngai, ā, he nui ake te pānga pūtea mō rātou nā ngā take kounga pellet.
Te Kaihanga: He Mira Whāngai ā-Rohe hei Whakapai Ake i te Tipu
Ko te mira whāngai kararehe kei waenganui o tēnei rangahau take, kei te Raorao o Jezreel ki te tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Haifa, kua mahi ki te hapori miraka o te rohe mai i te tau 1998. I te tīmatanga he mahi iti noa iho e whakaputa ana i te 2,000 tāne ia marama o te paraoa pokepoke me te whāngai pirepire, i whānui haere te mira i te mea kua arotahi te whakatōpū miraka a Iharaira ki te whakaputa i roto i ngā pāmu iti engari he nui ake te hua.
I te tau 2022, e 6,500 tāne te nui o te hua o te mira ia marama mā te whakamahi i ngā mira pellet mate porowhita tawhito e rua mai i tētahi kaihanga Pākehā. Ahakoa e taea ana te whakamahi i ngā taputapu, kua tata te mutunga o tōna oranga ōhanga. Ko ngā take matua o te mahi ko te Pellet Durability Index (PDI) e toharite ana i te 92 ki te 93 ōrau mō ngā miraka miraka, i raro iho i te 96 ōrau me te whāinga i tohua e ngā tohunga kai mō ngā tono TMR; te nui rawa o te kakahu o te mate me te roera e hiahia ana kia whakawhitia ngā mate ia 1,200 ki te 1,500 tāne; te pikinga o te whakapaunga pūngao o te 18 ki te 20 kWh ia tāne mō te pelleting anake; me ngā reiti whakahoki whiu o te 4 ki te 5 ōrau, e tohu ana i te ngaronga o te hua me te utu tukatuka anō.
I mōhio te kaiwhakahaere o te mira kāore e taea te whakakapi i te āputa mā te tiaki ā-wāhanga me te whakapai ake i ētahi wāhanga. I whakaritea he tahua mō te whakakapinga katoa o tētahi raina pelleting mō te tau 2023, me tētahi tukanga aromatawai whakataetae e uru ana ngā kaiwhakarato mai i Ūropi, Haina, me Turkey.
Te Otinga: Hongyang HYPM Ring Die Pellet Mill
I muri i tētahi aromatawai e ono marama te roa, tae atu ki ngā haerenga ki ngā wāhi i whakatūria ai ngā tauira heihei i te rāngai heihei parai o Īhipa me te umanga whāngai miraka o Ītiopia, ngā whakamātautau tipu me ngā tauira mate, me ngā kōrero hangarau taipitopito me te tīma hangarau o Hongyang, i whiriwhiria e te mira tētahi mira pereti mate mowhiti HYPM-420 a Hongyang hei tāutanga ki tana raina whāngai miraka tuatahi.
Ko te HYPM-420, he wāhanga o te raupapa mate mowhiti waenga-awhe a Hongyang, he 420mm te whānui o te mate o roto me te whānui mahi whai hua o te 120mm, e peia ana e te motuka matua 110 kW. He maha ngā āhuatanga hangarau i awe i te kōwhiringa.
Ka hangaia ngā mate mowhiti a Hongyang i runga i ngā taputapu keri pū CNC me te maimoatanga wera korehau, me ngā ātete whānui o te kōhao e mau tonu ana i roto i te 0.05mm tāpiri atu, tāpiri atu rānei, me ngā ōwehenga kōpeketanga ka taea te whakarite mai i te 1:4 ki te 1:12. Mō te tono miraka o Iharaira, i tohua he whānui kōhao 8mm me te ōwehenga kōpeketanga 1:7, i arotauhia mō te hanganga o te mira o te 35 ōrau parei, 25 ōrau kānga, 18 ōrau paraoa pīni soya, me te 22 ōrau parai witi me te ranunga kohuke.
Mā te tikanga whakarite roera rerekē motuhake a te HYPM ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te pupuri i te tawhiti tino pai puta noa i te roanga o te mahi a te mate me te kore e tango i te huihuinga roera, he mea tino nui tēnei ina hiahiatia he arotau tere i te tawhiti roera mō ngā huringa auau o te hanganga i waenga i te miraka kukū, te kau maroke, me te kau uwha.
I honoa te HYPM-420 ki tētahi whakangawari paparua e whakarato ana i te 90 hēkona o te wā pupuri, me tētahi takirere mamaoa whakarerekē e pupuri ana i te pāmahana parāoa i roto i te 1°C neke atu rānei o te whāinga 78 ki te 82°C mō te whāngai miraka, he rawaka mō te whakakorikori māngaro me te whakahaere i ngā mate me te kore e pakaru te kounga o te pūmua i te wera.
I tuku mai a Hongyang i ngā anga roera konupora-teitei (HRC 58-62) mō ngā hanganga witi pata he nui te whakauru, e whakarato ana i te ātete ki te pakū me te pakari e hiahiatia ana mō te kaupapa mahi 20-hāora-ia-te-rā, ono-rā-ia-te-wiki o te mira.
Te Whakatinanatanga me ngā Hua
I oti te tāutanga i roto i te 10-rā kati i whakaritea i te marama o Poutū-te-rangi 2023. I whakauruhia te HYPM-420 ki roto i te raina o nāianei i mua o te whakamatao rere-whakamuri me raro iho o te pūnaha puranga me te whakaranu o te mira. I tonoa e Hongyang tētahi miihini matua e tirotiro ana i te tāutanga mīhini, te whakaurunga hiko, me te whakahaere whakangungu kaiwhakahaere mō ngā rā e rima.
I tīmata anō te mahi whakaputa i te raina hou i te 70 ōrau o te kaha kua whakaritea mō te wiki tuatahi, ā, i piki ake ki te putanga katoa i te rā waru. I muri i te 14 marama o te mahi tonu tae noa ki Paenga-whāwhā 2024, tata ki te 8,400 hāora mahi, i ripoatahia e te mira ngā inenga mahi e whai ake nei i whakaritea ki te raina i whakakapia e ia.
I piki ake te tere o te mahi mō ngā pire miraka 8mm mai i te 4.2 tāne ia hāora ki te 5.8 tāne ia hāora, he whakapainga 38 ōrau. Ko te Taupū Pakari o te Pellet, i inehia mā te tikanga takahuri, i piki ake mai i te 92 ki te 93 ōrau ki te 96.5 ki te 97.5 ōrau. I heke te reiti whakahokinga whiu mai i te 4 ki te 5 ōrau ki te 1.2 ki te 1.8 ōrau, he whakahekenga 65 ōrau. I heke te whakapaunga pūngao motuhake mai i te 18 ki te 20 kWh ia tāne ki te 14.2 ki te 15.5 kWh ia tāne, he penapena 22 ōrau. I roa ake te ora ratonga mō te hanganga miraka 8mm mai i te 1,200 ki te 1,500 tāne ki te neke atu i te 3,800 tāne, neke atu i te 2.5 ngā wā roa ake. I roa ake te ora o te anga roera mai i te 600 ki te 800 tāne ki te neke atu i te 2,200 tāne, neke atu i te toru ngā wā i te wā ratonga o mua. I heke te wā whakatā ohorere mai i te 8 ki te 12 hāora ia marama ki te 2 ki te 3 hāora.
Ko te whakapainga nui rawa atu mō ngā kaihoko miraka kau o te mira ko te pikinga o te PDI mai i te 92 ki te 93 ōrau ki te 96.5 ki te 97.5 ōrau. I roto i ngā kupu mahi, ko te tikanga o tēnei he iti noa te pakaru o ngā pirepire e tae mai ana ki ngā mīhini whakaranu TMR pāmu, ā, he iti iho ngā utu i kohia ki raro i ngā whāngai kararehe, ā, i whakakahoretia e ngā kau. I kite te kaiwhakahaere kounga o te mira kua heke ngā amuamu a ngā kaihoko e pā ana ki te kounga o ngā pirepire, e toru ki te whā te toharite ia marama me ngā taputapu o mua, ki te kore i roto i ngā marama e ono i muri i te tāutanga o te HYPM.
Te Pānga o te Kaihoko: Ngā Wheako o ngā Kaimahi Miraka
Kei roto i te turanga kiritaki o te mira he pāmu mai i te 150 ki te 800 kau miraka, me te rahi toharite o te kahui he tata ki te 320 kau. He maha e whāngai ana i te kukū kukū anake hei wāhanga o te TMR e whakauru ana i te mira witi, te mira witi, te tarutaru alfalfa, me ngā hua taha mai i te umanga kai o te rohe.
Tokotoru ngā kaiwhakahaere pāmu miraka kau i uiuitia mō tēnei rangahau take i kōrero mai i ngā kitenga ōrite i muri i te whakahoutanga o te raina miraka kau o te mira.
I mua, i kitea e tētahi mahi kau 500 i Upper Galilee te kohikohinga o ngā mea kino i roto i ngā moenga whāngai i muri i te tukunga o te TMR, inā koa i ngā marama raumati i te wā e ngawari ake ai te whakangawari o ngā pirepire i te wera. Whai muri i te whakahoutanga, i kōrero te kaiwhakahaere pāmu kāore i kitea te pirau o ngā pirepire i roto i te ara whāngai, me ngā panuitanga o ia rā mō ngā moenga e whakaatu ana i te nui ake o te kai puta noa i te kahui.
I aro turuki te tohunga kai e mahi ana i tētahi whare miraka kau kibbutz 380-kau tata ki Afula i ngā ōrau ngako miraka me te pūmua i mua atu me muri i te whakapainga o te kounga o te pire. Ahakoa he maha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te hanganga o te miraka, i kitea e te tohunga kai he iti iho te rerekētanga o te ōrau ngako miraka i ia marama mai i te paerewa rerekētanga o te 0.22 ōrau i mua i te whakapainga ki te 0.12 ōrau i muri i te whakapainga, i te wāhanga o te tuku matūkai ōrite ake mai i ngā pire e mau tonu ana te kounga mā te tukanga whakaranu me te whāngai TMR.
I tatauhia e tētahi kamupene miraka kau 280, ko te whakahekenga o te moumou whāngai, i inehia i mua i te 1.5 ki te 2 ōrau o te kukū i ngaro hei moni kore i kainga, me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whāngai i roto i te kahui, i hurihia hei whakahekenga tata ki te 0.03 ki te 0.04 ILS i roto i te utu whāngai mō ia rita o te miraka i whakaputaina. I runga i tētahi mahi e whakaputa ana i te 2.8 miriona rita ia tau, ko tēnei he penapena tata ki te 84,000 ki te 112,000 ILS, he rite ki te 21,000 ki te 28,000 euros ia tau.
Te Tūranga o Hongyang: Kei tua atu i te Tuku Taputapu
E whakaatu ana te kaupapa o Iharaira i ētahi āhuatanga o te huarahi a Hongyang Feed Machinery.
I tātarihia e te tīma hangarau o Hongyang te whānuitanga katoa o ngā whakatakotoranga miraka o te mira, tae atu ki ngā rerekētanga o ngā wā o te wātea o ngā rauemi mata pērā i te parei raumati me te witi hotoke me ngā ōwehenga utu kānga-pīni soya e rerekē ana, ā, i hangaia he mata me ngā hohonutanga rerekē puta noa i ngā rarangi poka hei arotau i te putanga puta noa i ngā momo whakatakotoranga.
I roto i te kaupapa whakangungu me te whakatūnga o te mira, e rima ngā rā te roa, i hipokina ngā tikanga whakahaere paerewa, ngā mahi pai mō te tiaki i te mate me te roera, te whakatau i ngā take mō te whakapūtanga o ngā pirepire tae atu ki te kōkō, ngā pirepire ngohengohe, me ngā whiu nui rawa, me ngā tikanga pupuri tuhinga e āhei ai te whakarite i ngā mahi tiaki e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga. I whakaahuahia e te kaiwhakahaere matua o te mira, he 18 tau te roa o tana wheako ki te whakapūtanga o ngā pirepire, ko te whakangungu te whakawhiti hangarau tino pūnaha i riro i a ia mai i tētahi kaiwhakarato taputapu.
I te hekenga o te kaha mahi o te mira i roto i ngā marama 10, ā, i ahu mai i te tawhito o te tātari mamaoa i te whakaiti i te pai o te whakatikatika, i kitea e te tīma hangarau a Hongyang te raruraru mai i tawhiti i roto i ngā haora e whā i muri i te whiwhinga o ngā raraunga whakahaere, ā, i āraihia te whakawhiti mate koretake, ā, i penapenahia te tata ki te 3,500 euros i roto i ngā wāhanga me te wā kore mahi.
Whakamutunga
Ehara i te mea nā te ira anake ngā hua miraka o te umanga miraka o Iharaira, ko te mea nui rawa atu o te ao. E whakaata ana ēnei i tētahi pūnaha e arotauhia ana ngā whakaurunga katoa, tae atu ki te ira, te kai totika, te whakahaere, te whakahaere āhuarangi, me te hanga whāngai, hei tautoko i te mahi koiora tino pai. Ahakoa he maha ngā wā kāore e kitea e te kaihoko te kounga o te pellet, he hononga nui tēnei i roto i tēnei mekameka.
E whakaatu ana ngā wheako o tēnei mira whāngai kararehe o Jezreel Valley, mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu pellet tika, i hangaia mō ngā hiahia motuhake o te hanga whāngai miraka, me te tautokona hoki e te hononga hangarau pono, ka hua ake he whakapainga ine mō te roa o te hanga pellet, te pai o te whakaputa, me ngā hua i runga i te pāmu mō te kaihanga miraka.
Nā te tutuki i ngā paerewa tino tika hei whāngai i ngā kau miraka tino whai hua o te ao, kua whakamātauhia e te mira pellet HYPM a Hongyang Feed Machinery tōna tūranga i roto i tētahi o ngā taiao hanga whāngai tino uaua o te ahuwhenua o te ao.
Mō Hongyang Whāngai Mīhini: He tohunga a Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. ki te hoahoa, ki te hanga, me te tuku i ngā mira pellet mowhiti mate, ngā mira hama, ngā mīhini whakaranu, ngā mīhini whakamatao, ngā mīhini pakaru, me ngā raina whakaputa whāngai katoa. Neke atu i te rua tekau tau o te wheako ahumahi, e mahi ana a Hongyang ki ngā kaihanga whāngai puta noa i te 50 whenua i roto i ngā rāngai heihei, kararehe, whāngai wai, me te kai mōkai.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-13-2026
